"观察SO2对植物的影响"实验的改进

介绍了对人民教育出版社的高中生物学必修教材第2册103页,实验12“观察二氧化硫对植物的影响”的部分改进。利用洗净的金龙鱼牌5L塑料油瓶和洗净的空矿泉水瓶等废旧物资进行实验操作。材料易于寻找,成本低廉,培养了学生“变废为宝”的节约思想;用NaOH溶液吸收装置内的SO2,避免了环境污染,培养了学生的环保意识。     

广西扶绥岩亮洞早更新世独角犀年龄结构的分析

岩亮洞是广西扶绥地区最近新发现的早更新世巨猿化石点,经过初步发掘,采集到了丰富的巨猿材料及大量伴生的哺乳动物化石。引人注目的是其中犀类化石居多,包括146颗完整的牙齿及十多件头后骨骼化石,从形态特征判断,这些犀类化石应属于独角犀的一新种Rhinoceros fusuiensis。岩亮洞巨猿动物群中的独角犀以种群丰度最大而不同于其他已知东亚地区的巨猿动物群中的独角犀类材料。本文从犀类牙齿的主尖釉质层、齿质暴露程度、咀嚼面的磨蚀程度等方面对岩亮洞独角犀的年龄结构进行了研究。该死亡群中至少有4头幼年个体、5头青年个体、5头成年个体和1头老年个体。依据牙齿磨蚀程度和牙齿萌出顺序对年龄结构的分析及统计显示,其中青年个体和成年个体最多,幼年个体次之,老年个体最少,其死亡的原因不是通常意义上磨耗型死亡,突发性的灾害可能是造成这种死亡年龄分布的主要原因。     

Enhancement in the viability and biosensing activity of freeze-dried recombinant bioluminescent bacteria

The genetically-engineeredEscherichia coli strain, DPD2540, which contains afabA::luxCDABE fusion gene, gives a bioluminescent output when membrane fatty acid synthesis is needed. For more practical application of this strain in the field as biosensor, freeze-drying was adopted. A 12% sucrose solution with Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, as determined by the viability after freeze-drying, was found to be the most effective composition for lyophilization solution among various compositions tested. Rapid freezing with liquid nitrogen also gave the best viability after freeze-drying as compared to samples frozen at −70°C and −20°C. The biosensing activities of the cells showed a greater sensitivity when the cells from the exponential phase were freeze-dried. Finally, the optimum temperature for use of the freeze-dried cells in the biosensor field was determined.     

Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis: novel protein markers in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor, and chronic infection with hepatitis B virus is one of its major risk factors. To identify the proteins involved in HCC carcinogenesis, we used two-dimensional fluorescence DIGE to study the differentially expressed proteins in tumor and adjacent nontumor tissue samples. Samples from 12 hepatitis B virus-associated HCC patients were analyzed. A total of 61 spots were significantly up-regulated (ratio >/= 2, p 相似文献   

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus OX2 glycoprotein activates myeloid-lineage cells to induce inflammatory cytokine production

Kaposi's sarcoma is an inflammatory cytokine-mediated angioproliferative disease which is triggered by infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV contains an open reading frame, K14, that has significant homology with cellular OX2, designated viral OX2 (vOX2). In this report, we demonstrate that vOX2 encodes a glycosylated cell surface protein with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa. Purified glycosylated vOX2 protein dramatically stimulated primary monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells to produce the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, expression of vOX2 on B lymphocytes stimulated monocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines in mixed culture. These results demonstrate that like its cellular counterpart, vOX2 targets myeloid-lineage cells, but unlike cellular OX2, which delivers a restrictive signal, KSHV vOX2 provides an activating signal, resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this is a novel viral strategy where KSHV has acquired the cellular OX2 gene to induce inflammatory cytokine production, which potentially promotes the cytokine-mediated angiogenic proliferation of KSHV-infected cells.     

Organization and assembly of the TRAPPII complex

Current models suggest that TRAPP tethering complexes exist in two forms. Whereas the seven-subunit TRAPPI complex mediates ER-to-Golgi transport, TRAPPII contains three additional subunits (Trs65, Trs120 and Trs130) and is required for distinct tethering events at Golgi membranes. It is not clear how TRAPPII assembly is regulated. Here, we show that Tca17 is a fourth TRAPPII-specific component, and that Trs65 and Tca17 interact with distinct domains of Trs130 and make different contributions to complex assembly. Whereas Tca17 promotes the stable association of TRAPPII-specific subunits with the core complex, Trs65 stabilizes TRAPPII in an oligomeric form. We show that Trs85, which was previously reported to be a subunit of both TRAPPI and TRAPPII, is not associated with the TRAPPII complex in yeast. However, we find that proteins related to Trs85, Trs65 and Tca17 are part of the same TRAPP complex in mammalian cells. These findings have implications for models of TRAPP complex formation and suggest that TRAPP complexes may be organized differently in yeast and mammals.     

Interaction of Par-6 and Crumbs complexes is essential for photoreceptor morphogenesis in Drosophila

Apicobasal cell polarity is crucial for morphogenesis of photoreceptor rhabdomeres and adherens junctions (AJs) in the Drosophila eye. Crumbs (Crb) is specifically localized to the apical membrane of photoreceptors, providing a positional cue for the organization of rhabdomeres and AJs. We show that the Crb complex consisting of Crb, Stardust (Sdt) and Discs-lost (Dlt) colocalizes with another protein complex containing Par-6 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) in the rhabdomere stalk of photoreceptors. Loss of each component of the Crb complex causes age-dependent mislocalization of Par-6 complex proteins, and ectopic expression of Crb intracellular domain is sufficient to recruit the Par-6 complex. We also show that the absence of Par-6 complex proteins results in severe mislocalization and loss of Crb complex. We further demonstrate that Dlt directly binds to Par-6, providing a molecular basis for the mutual dependence of the two complexes. These results suggest that the interaction of Crb and Par-6 complexes is required for the organization and maintenance of apical membranes and AJs of photoreceptors.     

A Golgi-associated PDZ domain protein modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator plasma membrane expression.

We identified a novel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-associating, PDZ domain-containing protein, CAL (CFTR associated ligand) containing two predicted coiled-coiled domains and one PDZ domain. The PDZ domain of CAL binds to the C terminus of CFTR. Although CAL does not have any predicted transmembrane domains, CAL is associated with membranes mediated by a region containing the coiled-coil domains. CAL is located primarily at the Golgi apparatus, co-localizing with trans-Golgi markers and is sensitive to Brefeldin A treatment. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that CAL exists as a multimer. Overexpression of CAL reduces CFTR chloride currents in mammalian cells and decreases expression, rate of insertion and half-life of CFTR in the plasma membrane. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor, NHE-RF, a subplasma membrane PDZ domain protein, restores cell surface expression of CFTR and chloride currents. In addition, NHE-RF inhibits the binding of CAL to CFTR. CAL modulates the surface expression of CFTR. CAL favors retention of CFTR within the cell, whereas NHE-RF favors surface expression by competing with CAL for the binding of CFTR. Thus, the regulation of CFTR in the plasma membrane involves the dynamic interaction between at least two PDZ domain proteins.