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Sonja Melman Ellen NC Schoorel Carmen Dirksen Anneke Kwee Luc Smits Froukje de Boer Madelaine Jonkers Mallory D Woiski Ben Willem J Mol Johannes PR Doornbos Harry Visser Anjoke JM Huisjes Martina M Porath Friso MC Delemarre Simone MI Kuppens Robert Aardenburg Ivo MA Van Dooren Francis PJM Vrouenraets Frans TH Lim Gunilla Kleiverda Paulien CM van der Salm Karin de Boer Marko J Sikkema Jan G Nijhuis Rosella PMG Hermens Hubertina CJ Scheepers 《Implementation science : IS》2013,8(1):1-8
Background
Caesarean section (CS) rates are rising worldwide. In the Netherlands, the most significant rise is observed in healthy women with a singleton in vertex position between 37 and 42 weeks gestation, whereas it is doubtful whether an improved outcome for the mother or her child was obtained. It can be hypothesized that evidence-based guidelines on CS are not implemented sufficiently. Therefore, the present study has the following objectives: to develop quality indicators on the decision to perform a CS based on key recommendations from national and international guidelines; to use the quality indicators in order to gain insight into actual adherence of Dutch gynaecologists to guideline recommendations on the performance of a CS; to explore barriers and facilitators that have a direct effect on guideline application regarding CS; and to develop, execute, and evaluate a strategy in order to reduce the CS incidence for a similar neonatal outcome (based on the information gathered in the second and third objectives).Methods
An independent expert panel of Dutch gynaecologists and midwives will develop a set of quality indicators on the decision to perform a CS. These indicators will be used to measure current care in 20 hospitals with a population of 1,000 women who delivered by CS, and a random selection of 1,000 women who delivered vaginally in the same period. Furthermore, by interviewing healthcare professionals and patients, the barriers and facilitators that may influence the decision to perform a CS will be measured. Based on the results, a tailor-made implementation strategy will be developed and tested in a controlled before-and-after study in 12 hospitals (six intervention, six control hospitals) with regard to effectiveness, experiences, and costs.Discussion
This study will offer insight into the current CS care and into the hindering and facilitating factors influencing obstetrical policy on CS. Furthermore, it will allow definition of patient categories or situations in which a tailor-made implementation strategy will most likely be meaningful and cost effective, without negatively affecting the outcome for mother and child.Trial registration
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01261676 相似文献75.
Meryl C. Mims Emily E. Hartfield Kirk David A. Lytle Julian D. Olden 《Conservation Genetics》2018,19(1):17-26
Calls for evaluating general principles in landscape genetics reflect a broader recognition that multispecies inference is a promising strategy for supporting conservation actions across wide-ranging taxonomies and geographies. Formal evaluation of frameworks for multispecies inference is critical to identify opportunities for generalization and to avoid misguided extrapolation that results in ineffective conservation and management efforts. Traits-based approaches are now widely recognized as useful in addressing knowledge gaps where species-specific data may not be available or feasible to obtain. Here we present a case for the application of traits-based approaches in landscape genetics to improve conservation application. We discuss the fundamental theoretical framework and growing empirical evidence supporting the utility of traits-based approaches in landscape genetics, and we highlight an example of the implementation of traits to predict landscape genetic relationships for a range of aquatic taxa native to the southwestern United States. Finally, we discuss opportunities, challenges, and future directions of using traits to characterize landscape genetic relationships. Ultimately, traits-based approaches can help address growing calls for the development and testing of general principles in landscape genetics in order to improve application to conservation challenges. 相似文献
76.
The respiratory sensation and some routine cardiorespiratory parameters were studied on native Highlanders from the Argentine
Andes and on Lowlanders from Europe, already tested during previous high altitude expeditions. The tests were performed at
various altitude levels from 2688m e.i., the village altitude for Highlanders, to 5600m during an expedition to Mt. Aconcagua
(6990m). At rest, the perception of 4 external inspiratory resistive loads (ranged between 2.5 and 13 cm.H2O.L-1.s) can allow
us to fix by discrimination the sensitivity index P(A) independently of response bias (B) according to Sensory Decision Theory
(SDT). The Andean highlanders did not experience the respiratory sensation at the same limits as the European lowlanders well
adaptated to high altitude. At higher altitudes than their village altitude, their respiratory sensation presented a lower
threshold of perception and a weaker discrimination which might be partly explained by the evolution of some parameters of
their cardio-respiratory function when altitude increased. Indeed, in response to high altitude hypoxia (5600m), they increased
their respiratory frequency and not their minuteventilation or mouth pressure. This chosen ventilatory pattern was opposite
to the one chosen by the Lowlanders and did not allow for sufficient adaptation to a more important altitude hypoxia than
that of their village altitude. In conclusion, the Andean highlanders wellbeing adapted to their village altitude, exhibited
a difficult acclimatization to higher altitudes which might be due to the characteristics of their respiratory sensation.
These results might explain their weak physical performances during ascent to the Mt. Aconcagua summit in spite of special
training. 相似文献
77.
Variant forms of a group I intron in nuclear small-subunit rRNA genes of the marine red alga Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A group IC1 intron occurs in nuclear small-subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA (SSU
rRNA) genes of the marine red alga Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia. This
intron occurs at the same position as the self- splicing group IC1 introns
in nuclear SSU rDNAs of the fungus Pneumocystis carinii and in the green
alga Chlorella ellipsoidea and shares sequence identity with the
Pneumocystis carinii intron in domains L1, P1, P2, and L2, outside the
conserved core. Three size variants, differing in amount of sequence in L1,
exist and are differentially distributed in geographically distinct
populations. Preliminary data suggest that the largest variant can
self-splice in vitro. Short open reading frames are present but do not
correspond to known genes. Repeated nucleotide motifs, reminiscent of
duplicated target sites of transposons or Alu elements, are associated with
the intron and with one of the variant forms of L1. Insertions are present
in nuclear SSU rDNAs of several other Porphyra species and of the red alga
Bangia atropurpurea; insertionless rDNA variants also occur in several
Porphyra species. Our observations are most readily explained by intron
mobility, although it remains unclear how transfer could have been mediated
between genomes of organisms as ecologically diverse as marine red algae,
freshwater green algae, and a mammalian-pathogenic fungus.
相似文献
78.
Analysis of Autoregulation at the Level of Pre-mRNA Splicing of the Suppressor-of-White-Apricot Gene in Drosophila 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
The Drosophila suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(w(a))] protein regulates/modulates at least two somatic RNA processing events. It is a potent regulator of its own expression. We report here new studies of this autoregulatory circuit. Among other things, our studies show the following. First, new evidence that su(w(a)) expression is autoregulated at the level of pre-mRNA splicing is reported. su(w(a)) protein represses accumulation of the fully spliced su(w(a)) mRNA encoding it and promotes accumulation of high levels of incompletely spliced su(w(a)) pre-mRNA. Second, the fully spliced su(w(a)) mRNA is sufficient for all known su(w(a)) genetic functions indicating that it encodes the sole su(w(a)) protein. Third, the incompletely spliced su(w(a)) pre-mRNAs resulting from autoregulation are not translated (probably as a result of nuclear retention) and apparently represent nonfunctional by-products. Fourth, the special circumstances of su(w(a)) expression during oogenesis allows maternal deposition exclusively of fully spliced su(w(a)) mRNA. Fifth, su(w(a)) protein immunolocalizes to nuclei consistent with its being a direct regulator of pre-mRNA processing. We discuss the implications of our results for mechanisms of splicing regulation and for developmental control of su(w(a)) expression. 相似文献
79.
Wallace P. Rowe Frederick A. Murphy Gernot H. Bergold Jordi Casals John Hotchin Karl M. Johnson Fritz Lehmann-Grube Cedric A. Mims Eric Traub Patricia A. Webb 《Journal of virology》1970,5(5):651-652
The name "arenoviruses" is proposed for the newly defined taxonomic group containing lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Lassa, and the Tacaribe complex viruses. 相似文献
80.
C. A. Mims 《Microbiological reviews》1964,28(1):30-71