ERRATUM: New Body Mass Estimates for Omomys carteri,a Middle Eocene Primate From North America. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:41–52.

Payseur BA, Covert HA, Vinyard CJ, Dagosto M. 1999. New Body Mass Estimates for Omomys carteri, a Middle Eocene Primate From North America. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:41–52. This article included an incomplete Table 2. The final two columns, showing “Intercept” and “SEE” data were omitted. The complete Table 2, with these two columns included, is provided below.     

FREUDEIA KASZAB, A NEWLY RECORDED GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES FROM CHINA (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE,TENTYRIINI)

报道中国鳖甲族1新纪录属及1新种:异颚弗鳖甲Freudeia heteromaxillaria sp.nov.,描述了新种的形态特征并附鉴别特征图和整体照片.新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和河北大学博物馆.     

Improved HF183 Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Characterization of Human Fecal Pollution in Ambient Surface Water Samples

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays that target the human-associated HF183 bacterial cluster within members of the genus Bacteroides are among the most widely used methods for the characterization of human fecal pollution in ambient surface waters. In this study, we show that a current TaqMan HF183 qPCR assay (HF183/BFDrev) routinely forms nonspecific amplification products and introduce a modified TaqMan assay (HF183/BacR287) that alleviates this problem. The performance of each qPCR assay was compared in head-to-head experiments investigating limits of detection, analytical precision, predicted hybridization to 16S rRNA gene sequences from a reference database, and relative marker concentrations in fecal and sewage samples. The performance of the modified HF183/BacR287 assay is equal to or improves upon that of the original HF183/BFDrev assay. In addition, a qPCR chemistry designed to combat amplification inhibition and a multiplexed internal amplification control are included. In light of the expanding use of PCR-based methods that rely on the detection of extremely low concentrations of DNA template, such as qPCR and digital PCR, the new TaqMan HF183/BacR287 assay should provide more accurate estimations of human-derived fecal contaminants in ambient surface waters.     

河西走廊天然固沙植被区地表甲虫多样性及其对沙漠化的指示作用

干旱、半干旱区沙漠化强烈影响动植物分布及多样性,地表甲虫是荒漠中主要的动物类群,它们对沙漠化引起的植被和土壤环境变化响应十分敏感。鉴于此,以河西走廊中部张掖绿洲外围的天然固沙植被区作为研究区,依据沙漠化发育程度选择流动沙丘（ASD）、丘间低地（IL）、半固定（SFSD）和固定沙丘（FSD）4种生境,调查了地表甲虫群落组成及影响甲虫分布的植被和土壤环境。研究发现,4种生境地表甲虫群落组成明显不同并存在季节变异,5月ASD与IL、SFSD和FSD生境地表甲虫群落的相异性大于8月。5月和8月SFSD生境地表甲虫活动密度均显著高于其他生境,8月FSD生境地表甲虫多样性指数显著高于其他生境。不同大小甲虫对沙漠化的响应模式不同,大中型甲虫对沙漠化的响应较小型甲虫敏感,这在5月表现尤为明显。地表甲虫与环境因子的RDA分析结果表明,12个植被和土壤环境因子解释了49.8%的地表甲虫群落变异,其中植被环境解释了甲虫群落变异的16.3%,土壤环境解释了甲虫群落变异的4.2%,植被和土壤环境相互作用解释了甲虫群落变异的29.3%。pRDA分析结果表明,草本物种丰富度、灌木盖度、土壤有机碳含量和粗砂含量是影响地表甲虫分布的主要环境因子,它们解释了43.7%的地表甲虫群落变异。Pearson相关分析表明,草本物种丰富度与地表甲虫活动密度呈显著正相关,而与地表甲虫均匀度呈显著负相关;灌木盖度与地表甲虫多样性呈显著正相关;地表甲虫物种丰富度与灌木盖度和草本物种丰富度均呈显著正相关。此外,研究还发现戈壁琵甲、克氏扁漠甲、中华砚甲和甘肃齿足象可以用于指示FSD生境,东鳖甲属昆虫可以用于指数SFSD生境,谢氏宽漠王可以用于指示IL及ASD生境。     

利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但遗传因素仍起主要作用。 Abstract:The data of 21 families were analyzed by the method of Slater's calculating model to differentiate between single-gene and multi-gene heredity and by the method of non-deviation analysis.The results showed that the hereditary mode of handedness or preferential foot or hand-clasping is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the right type of all of them is the dominant character.In a way,although environmental factors affected the phenotypes of these characters,hereditary factors were also the decisive ones.     

利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但影响因素仍起主要作用。     

Molecular and genomic characterisation of a panel of human anal cancer cell lines

Anal cancer is a rare disease that has doubled in incidence over the last four decades. Current treatment and survival of patients with this disease has not changed substantially over this period of time, due, in part, to a paucity of preclinical models to assess new therapeutic options. To address this hiatus, we set-out to establish, validate and characterise a panel of human anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) cell lines by employing an explant technique using fresh human ASCC tumour tissue. The panel of five human ASCC cell lines were validated to confirm their origin, squamous features and tumourigenicity, followed by molecular and genomic (whole-exome sequencing) characterisation. This panel recapitulates the genetic and molecular characteristics previously described in ASCC including phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) mutations in three of the human papillomavirus (HPV) positive lines and TP53 mutations in the HPV negative line. The cell lines demonstrate the ability to form tumouroids and retain their tumourigenic potential upon xenotransplantation, with varied inducible expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) and Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We observed differential responses to standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy and a PI3K specific molecular targeted agent in vitro, which correlated with the clinical response of the patient tumours from which they were derived. We anticipate this novel panel of human ASCC cell lines will form a valuable resource for future studies into the biology and therapeutics of this rare disease.Subject terms: Targeted therapies, Anal cancer, Immune evasion, Cancer models     

以MyD88 TIR二聚化为靶点的抗炎抑制剂筛选模型的建立

MyD88是IL-1R/TLR受体超家族向细胞内转导胞外信号时募集到受体胞浆尾部的重要接头蛋白．由TIR结构域介导的MyD88分子同源二聚化是它招募到受体胞浆尾部的前提,然后二聚化的MyD88再募集下游信号分子,传递信号,引发促炎基因的表达．本研究旨在建立一种模型,以实现活细胞原位的、基于荧光信号变化的MyD88二聚化抑制物的高通量筛选．我们分别构建了MyD88 TIR与GFP和RFP的融合蛋白表达质粒,瞬时转染HeLa细胞,在488 nm激发光下,转染GFP-MyD88 TIR和RFP-MyD88 TIR细胞,检测到绿色荧光与红色荧光间的共振能量转移(FRET)．而当细胞转染GFP-MyD88 TIR和RFP或RFP-MyD88 TIR和GFP,因TIR二聚化不能实现,FRET效率受到严重影响．实验结果提示,依赖双阳性表达GFP-MyD88 TIR和RFP-MyD88 TIR的细胞株,检测不同化合物对于荧光FRET效率的影响,可以建立MyD88 TIR二聚化抑制药物的筛选模型．此外,我们构建了原核表达质粒,利用纯化的His-MyD88 TIR分别与GST或GST-MyD88 TIR蛋白进行体外结合实验,发现GST-MyD88 TIR(而非GST)可以与His-MyD88 TIR相互结合．结果的差异性提示,利用His-MyD88 TIR和GST-MyD88 TIR体外结合实验分析,可以进一步确定抑制物是否直接阻断了TIR的相互作用．结合真核细胞的荧光FRET阻断结果和原核表达的重组蛋白相互作用分析,可确定MyD88 TIR二聚化的抑制物．利用这一模型可以对商品化的小分子库、自行制备的天然产物组分进行广泛的筛选,从中获得有效抑制MyD88二聚化的化合物,参与对MyD88信号通路依赖的慢性炎症、自身免疫性疾病的药物治疗．