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31.
Milan Lana Teunissen van Manen Boris Jansen Francisco Cuesta Susana Len‐Ynez William Daniel Gosling 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(16):9120-9128
It remains poorly understood how the composition of leaf wax n‐alkanes reflects the local environment. This knowledge gap inhibits the interpretation of plant responses to the environment at the community level and, by extension, inhibits the applicability of n‐alkane patterns as a proxy for past environments. Here, we studied the n‐alkane patterns of five Miconia species and one Guarea species, in the Ecuadorian Andes (653–3,507 m a.s.l.). We tested for species‐specific responses in the average chain length (ACL), the C31/(C31 + C29) ratio (ratio), and individual odd n‐alkane chain lengths across an altitudinally driven environmental gradient (mean annual temperature, mean annual relative air humidity, and mean annual precipitation). We found significant correlations between the environmental gradients and species‐specific ACL and ratio, but with varying magnitude and direction. We found that the n‐alkane patterns are species‐specific at the individual chain length level, which could explain the high variance in metrics like ACL and ratio. Although we find species‐specific sensitivity and responses in leaf n‐alkanes, we also find a general decrease in “shorter” (<C29) and an increase in “longer” (>C31) chain lengths with the environmental gradients, most strongly with temperature, suggesting n‐alkanes are useful for reconstructing past environments. 相似文献
32.
Ljiljana Vapa Mihajla Djan Dragana Obreht Milos Beukovic Milan Vapa 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2007,53(1):52-54
The pheasant breeds are widely used for restocking of natural populations depleted by hunting. The pheasant population number
decline was detected during the 1970s in many hunting areas of Europe. One of its possible reasons might be the loss of adaptability
in populations originating from breeding stations, which was caused by inbreeding depression. The aim of this paper was the
analysis of genetic variability in pheasant populations from three breeding stations in Vojvodina province (Serbia) by means
of allozyme diversity detection. The allozyme variability analysis of pheasants from all three breeding stations revealed
polymorphisms at nine loci: Ldh-1, Mor-1, Mor-2, Es-1, Mod-2, Pgd, Gpi-2, Odh, and Sod. The analysis of individuals from three different breeding stations showed mean values of observed heterozygosity of H
o=0.137, polymorphism P
95%=30%, and H/P ratio H/P=0.430, which indicate a normal level of genetic variability for bird populations. Comparative analysis of three pheasant
populations showed a high level of interpopulation differentiation. 相似文献
33.
Makale M 《Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews》2007,81(4):329-343
The primary cause of cancer treatment failure is invasion and metastasis, and invading tumor cells utilize many of the motility patterns that have been documented for normal morphogenesis. Recently, the role of mechanical forces in guiding various tissue and cell movements in embryonic development has been systematically analyzed with new experimental and computational methods. The tissue and cellular mechanobiology approach also holds promise for increasing the understanding of tumor invasion. In fact, the mechanical stiffness of tumors has correlated with invasiveness, and manipulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in vitro has suppressed the cancer phenotype. Several important signaling molecules reside on the cytoskeleton, which is affected by external stress imparted by the ECM, and deformation of the nucleus can trigger the activation of certain genes. All these observations suggest that a synthesis of the biology of cancer cell invasion and cellular mechanobiology may offer new targets for the treatment of malignant disease. Accordingly, sensitive and relevant in vivo models and methods to study cancer mechanobiology are needed. 相似文献
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Quantum chemistry methods have been applied to charged complexes of the alkali metals Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) with the aromatic amino acids (AAAs) phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp). The geometries of 72 different complexes (Phe·M, Tyr·M, Trp·M, M is Li(+), Na(+), or K(+)) were completely optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of density functional theory. The solvent effect on the geometry and stability of individual complexes was studied by making use of a microsolvation model. The interaction enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of nine different complexes of the systems Phe·M, Tyr·M, and Trp·M (M is Li(+), Na(+), or K(+)) were also determined at the B3LYP density functional level of theory. The calculated Gibbs binding energies of the M(+)-AAA complexes follow the order Phe < Tyr < Trp for all three metal cations studied. Among the three AAAs studied, the indole ring of Trp is the best π donor for alkali metal cations. Our calculations demonstrated the existence of strong cation-π interactions between the alkali metals and the aromatic side chains of the three AAAs. These AAAs comprise about 8% of all known protein sequences. Thus, besides the potential for hydrogen-bond interaction, aromatic residues of Phe, Tyr, and Trp show great potential for π-donor interactions. The existence of cation-π interaction in proteins has also been demonstrated experimentally. However, more complex experimental studies of metal cation-π interaction in diverse biological systems will no doubt lead to more exact validation of these investigations. 相似文献
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