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251.
252.
Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases on the Inhibition of Cells Invasion and Migration by Emodin in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hsu-Feng Lu Kuang-Chi Lai Shu-Chun Hsu Hui-Ju Lin Chao-Lin Kuo Ching-Lung Liao Jai-Sing Yang Jing-Gung Chung 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(9):1575-1583
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthaquinone), an active component present in the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae) has anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, diuretic and vasorelaxant effects. However, its mechanism of action on
the cell migration and invasion of human neuroblastoma cancer SH-SY5Y cells is not fully understood. In this study, firstly,
the effects of emodin on the percentage of viable cells were examined by using MTT assay and it was found that emodin induced
dose-and time-dependent inhibition in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Second, the effects of emodin on the migration and
invasion of SH-SY5Y cells were examined by using wound assay and matrigel counting and the results showed that emodin suppressed
the migration and invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. Third, we examined the effect of emodin on the levels of associated proteins
by using Western blotting and the results indicated that emodin inhibited the levels of GRB2, RhoA, HIF-1α, VEGF, FAK, iNOS,
COX2, p-p38, p-c-jun, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP7 but promoted the levels of PKC, PI3K, MEKK3 and NF-κB p65 that led to the inhibition
of migration and invasion of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. 相似文献
253.
254.
Julio Ortega Javier Asensio-Cubero John Q. Gan Andrés Ortiz 《Biomedical engineering online》2016,15(1):73
Background
Brain-computer interfacing (BCI) applications based on the classification of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals require solving high-dimensional pattern classification problems with such a relatively small number of training patterns that curse of dimensionality problems usually arise. Multiresolution analysis (MRA) has useful properties for signal analysis in both temporal and spectral analysis, and has been broadly used in the BCI field. However, MRA usually increases the dimensionality of the input data. Therefore, some approaches to feature selection or feature dimensionality reduction should be considered for improving the performance of the MRA based BCI.Methods
This paper investigates feature selection in the MRA-based frameworks for BCI. Several wrapper approaches to evolutionary multiobjective feature selection are proposed with different structures of classifiers. They are evaluated by comparing with baseline methods using sparse representation of features or without feature selection.Results and conclusion
The statistical analysis, by applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff and Kruskal–Wallis tests to the means of the Kappa values evaluated by using the test patterns in each approach, has demonstrated some advantages of the proposed approaches. In comparison with the baseline MRA approach used in previous studies, the proposed evolutionary multiobjective feature selection approaches provide similar or even better classification performances, with significant reduction in the number of features that need to be computed.255.
Prevalence of different species of Penicillium and their concentrations per cubic meter of air were evaluated with the use of Hi-Air sampler system Mark II (Hi-Media Laboratories Ltd., India) in the air of homes (bed-rooms) at four different sites in Nagpur. At each of these sites, air sampling was done fortnightly in triplicate for 2 years duration from June 2000 to May 2002. The sampling was also done in triplicate for the outdoor air in the vicinity of each home on the same day immediately after the indoor sampling was over. The mean concentration of Penicillium colony forming units at four different sites in the indoor air was 32, 46.9, 35 and 35.4 CFU/m3, respectively, whereas in the outdoor air at these same four sites, the mean concentration was 24, 28, 25 and 25.8 CFU/m3 respectively. The Penicillium concentration in the indoor air was found to be higher in winter than in other seasons (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Concentration of Penicillium spp. in intramural environment was always higher than that in extramural environment. Statistically significant difference existed between intramural and extramural environments at all the sites, with maximum difference at a site, which is old crowded area of the city. During the 2-years investigations, 11 species of Penicillium were isolated from the indoor air while nine species were isolated from the air outside the homes. The dominant species of Penicillium in indoor as well as outdoor air were P. citrinum (33.78 and 32.81), P. oxalicum (19.70 and 22.60), and P. chrysogenum (17.64 and 14.50). The percentage of the Penicillium in the indoor air was 10.70 while it was 8.36 in outdoor air. Indoor air showed the presence of P. glaber and P. sclerotiorum, which were absent in the outdoor air. 相似文献
256.
Xu-De Wang Xian-En Zhang Yong-Chao Guo Zhi-Ping Zhang Zhu-An Cao Ya-Feng Zhou 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(5):711-717
The gdh and gdhr genes, encoding B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase (GDH) and glycerol dehydratase reactivase (GDHR), respectively, in Klebsiella pneumoniae, were cloned and expressed in E. coli. Part of the β-subunit was lost during GDH purification when co-expressing α, β and γ subunit. This was overcome by fusing
the β-subunit to α- or γ-subunit with/without the insertion of a linker peptide between the fusion moieties. The kinetic properties
of the fusion enzymes were characterized and compared with wild type enzyme. The results demonstrated that the fusion protein
GDHALB/C, constructed by linking the N-terminal of β-subunit to the C-terminal of α subunit through a (Gly4Ser)4 linker peptide, had the greatest catalytic activity. Similar to the wild-type enzyme, GDHALB/C underwent mechanism-based
inactivation by glycerol during catalysis and could be reactivated by GDHR.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
257.
The transient receptor potential (TRP) multigene superfamily encodes integral membrane proteins that function as ion channels.
Members of this family are conserved in yeast, invertebrates and vertebrates. The TRP family is subdivided into seven subfamilies:
TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPA (ankyrin) and TRPN (NOMPC-like);
the latter is found only in invertebrates and fish. TRP ion channels are widely expressed in many different tissues and cell
types, where they are involved in diverse physiological processes, such as sensation of different stimuli or ion homeostasis.
Most TRPs are non-selective cation channels, only few are highly Ca2+ selective, some are even permeable for highly hydrated Mg2+ ions. This channel family shows a variety of gating mechanisms, with modes of activation ranging from ligand binding, voltage
and changes in temperature to covalent modifications of nucleophilic residues. Activated TRP channels cause depolarization
of the cellular membrane, which in turn activates voltage-dependent ion channels, resulting in a change of intracellular Ca2+ concentration; they serve as gatekeeper for transcellular transport of several cations (such as Ca2+ and Mg2+), and are required for the function of intracellular organelles (such as endosomes and lysosomes). Because of their function
as intracellular Ca2+ release channels, they have an important regulatory role in cellular organelles. Mutations in several TRP genes have been
implicated in diverse pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders, skeletal dysplasia, kidney disorders and
pain, and ongoing research may help find new therapies for treatments of related diseases. 相似文献
258.
259.
Mangroves are essential for maintaining local biodiversity and human well-being, and mangrove structure and functioning depend on the macrobenthos. Although exotic cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, is an increasing threat to the mangrove wetlands (including the associated unvegetated shoals) of China, its effects on the macrobenthic fauna in such wetlands is poorly understood. The macrobenthic faunal communities were compared in (1) an Avicennia marina monoculture vs. an S. alterniflora-invaded A. marina stand (a mixture of A. marina and S. alterniflora) and in (2) an unvegetated shoal vs. an S. alterniflora-invaded shoal that had rapidly become an S. alterniflora monoculture in Zhanjiang, China. S. alterniflora invasion significantly increased plant density regardless of invaded habitat but significantly increased the contents of total carbon, organic matter, and total sulfur in the sediment only in the unvegetated shoal. The presence of S. alterniflora had little influence on indices of the macrobenthic faunal community in the A. marina monoculture, but significantly decreased the density and biomass of macrobenthic faunal community in the unvegetated shoal. These results indicate that the effects of S. alterniflora on the macrobenthic faunal community depend on which type of mangrove habitat is invaded. The composition of the macrobenthic faunal community was more similar between the invaded and non-invaded A. marina stand than between the invaded and non-invaded unvegetated shoal. Overall, the differences in the macrobenthic faunal community between invaded and non-invaded habitats were associated with increases in the sediment organic matter content and plant density. 相似文献
260.
Ninety-one lakes distributed along the Tatra Mountains (most of lakes > 1 ha and 65% of lakes > 0.01 ha) were sampled and analysed for ionic and nutrient composition in September 2004 (15 years after reduction in acid deposition). Eighty-one lakes were in alpine zone and ten lakes in Norway spruce forest. The results were compared to similar lake surveys from 1994 (the beginning of water recovery from acidification) and 1984 (maximum acidification). Atmospheric deposition of SO 4 2? and inorganic N decreased 57% and 35%, respectively, in this region from the late 1980s to 2000. Lake water concentrations of SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? have decreased both by ~50% on average (to 23 and 19 μmol L?1, respectively, in 2004) since 1984. While the decrease in SO 4 2? concentrations was stable throughout 1984–2004, most of the NO 3 ? decrease occurred from 1994 to 2004. The declines in SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? concentrations depended on catchment coverage with vegetation, being most rapid for SO 4 2? in forest lakes and for NO 3 ? in rocky lakes. Concentrations of the sum of base cations (dominated by Ca2+) significantly decreased between 1984 and 2004, with the highest change in rocky lakes. Most of this decline occurred between 1994 and 2004. Acid neutralising capacity (ANC) did not change in the 1984–1994 period, but increased on average by 29 μmol L?1 between 1994 and 2004, with the highest change in rocky lakes. Over the last decade, the proportion of lakes with ANC > 150 μmol L?1 increased from 15% to 21% and that of ANC < 20 μmol L?1 decreased from 37% to 20%. The highest decline in H+ and Al concentrations occurred in the most acid lakes. On a regional basis, no significant change was observed for total phosphorus, total organic nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the 1994–2004 period. However, these parameters increased in forest lakes, which exhibited an increasing trend in DOC concentrations, inversely related (P < 0.001) to their decreasing ionic strength (30% on average in 1994–2004). 相似文献