Structural and functional homology between the 29 kD rat liver nucleoprotein and the high mobility group 1 protein

A 29 kD soluble rat liver nucleoprotein (p29) has increased binding affinity for the hormone responsive element (RE) of the rat haptoglobin (Hp) gene during the acute-phase reaction. In this work the possibility of its structural and functional homology to the high mobility group 1 (HMG1) nonhistone protein constituent of chromatin was examined. The results of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Southwestern and Western immunoblot analyses, showed that p29 and HMG1 are homologous protein species. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation/dephosphorylation experiments, we discuss the modulatory role of phosphate groups in view of the structure and function of p29.     

The role of sulphur in detoxication of cadmium in young sugar beet plants

In young sugar beet plants cadmium suppressed the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase, whereas sulphur exhibited a protective role towards activity of these enzymes, except of glutamine synthetase. Protein synthesis was suppressed in the absence of S in nutrient medium; the lowest level was at 10^-3 M Cd²⁺. Chloroplast pigment contents were increased by S while Cd²⁺, even in the lowest concentration, (10⁻⁵ M) showed a repressive effect. The highest concentrations of Cd²⁺ (10−3 M) caused a decrease in dry mass, whereas S induced its increase. Nitrate content was increased in the presence of Cd²⁺ and decreased by increased concentration of S. Acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge financial support of the Ministry for Science and Technology of Serbia. The paper was presented at 9th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology, Brno, Czech Republic, 3–8 July 1994.     

Hardening by abscisic acid of tobacco plantlets grownin vitro

Tobacco plantlets were grownin vitro on Murashige and Skoog’s medium with2 % of saccharose. Addition of 0.01 mM abscisic acid (ABA) into the medium decreased stomatal conductance of the adaxial epidermis and especially the abaxial epidermis without negative effects on growth parameters. As a result the rate of water loss from ABA-treated plantlets taken out of cultivation vessels was slower than that of control plantlets. This could help their acclimation after transplantation toex vitro conditions.     

The effect of virus infection on morphology and protein components of pollen grains

Morphology of pollen grains collected from healthy and virus infected plants ofChenopodium quinoa L.,Chenopodium album L. andNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains from tobacco plans infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were smaller, with rounded shape and conspicuous deformation of aperture unlike oval and smooth pollen grains from healthy plants. No morphological alterations were observed inC. quinoa andC. album plants infected with TMV and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pollen proteins revealed substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in protein components of pollen grains collected from healthy and virus infected plants     

Overall Informativity,OI, in DNA Polymorphisms Revealed by inter-AluPCR: Detection of Genomic Rearrangements

We studied two systems of multilocus markers revealed by PCR using primers directing amplification betweenAlurepeats in a tail-to-tail orientation. Genomic polymorphisms were detected as the presence or absence of the electrophoretic bands representing DNA fragments of a given length. A total of 104 such fragments segregating as Mendelian markers in a panel of eight CEPH families were analyzed by two-point linkage analysis. Fifty-one of these fragments were localized with respect to CEPH markers; they represented 33 loci, 7 of which were multiallelic. Locus-specific oligonucleotides were developed and used as hybridization probes to identify the mapped loci within a complex pattern of inter-AluPCR products. A great proportion of inter-AluPCR polymorphisms represented length variants within amplified DNA segments, while others were presumably due to mutations within the priming sites. To describe the expected number of informative loci per typing experiment we introduced a parameter called overall informativity (OI), which provides a single measure of the multiplex ratio and the informativity of markers contributing to a multilocus system (OIof a single locus is equivalent to its heterozygosity and cannot exceed 0.5 for a biallelic codominant marker). HighOIvalues (5.8 and 11.5) of the two presented systems of inter-AluPCR markers of random chromosomal distribution render them suitable for mapping genomic rearrangements such as genomic deletions in tumoral tissues. This was illustrated by the detection of loss of heterozygosity in the 9q22–qter region in sporadic colon cancer.     

Transfer of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid RSF1010 and other plasmid vectors to the Gram-positive methylotroph Brevibacterium methylicum by electrotransformation

Gram-positive facultative methylotrophic coryneform bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum was efficiently transformed with various plasmids using electroporation of intact cells. In addition to the plasmid vectors pEC71 and pZ6-1 constructed on the basis of cryptic plasmids from coryneform bacteria, broad-host-range plasmids pLS5 (derivative of plasmid pMV158 from Streptococcus agalactiae) and RSF1010 belonging to the incompatibility group IncQ from Gram-negative bacteria were found to be present as autonomous structurally unchanged DNA molecules in B. methylicum transformants. With the exception of pZ6-1, all these plasmids were stably maintained in B. methylicum cells grown under non-selective conditions. When plasmid DNAs isolated from B. methylicum were used, the highest efficiency of transformation (10⁵ transformants/g DNA) was achieved. Correspondence to: J. Nevera     

Increase of callus and embryoid production from hypocotyl protoplasts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by culture in microdrops

Hypocotyls of seedling plants of the sunflower inbred line HNK-81 were used as a source of protoplasts. Optimal conditions of isolation and culture of protoplasts were established. Using the method of individual culture in microdrops, a 77% final plating efficiency was achieved. Cytokinins, especially zeatin, showed a significant influence on the formation of globular embryo-like structures, but these failed to develop into mature embryos. Calli obtained in liquid media containing auxins and cytokinins grew on agar solidified media without growth regulators. Communicated by M. ONDŘEJ     

Comparison of twoPisum sativum nodulation mutants with their parental cultivar

In comparison with the parental cv. Finale the ‘RisfixC’ supernodulator exhibited higher, continuously increasing nodule number and fresh mass accumulation, but substantially lower individual nodule fresh mass, leghemoglobin concentration, and specific acetylene reduction activity of nodule tissue. There were no substantial differences between Finale and ‘RisfixC’ in total acetylene reduction, nodule leghemoglobin accumulation per nodulated root, total and specific CO₂ evolution from nodulated roots and gross CO₂ respiratory costs of acetylene reduction. The ‘RisfixC’ also exhibited a substantially lower plant dry mass production (by 30%), but nitrogen concentration in shoots and carotenoid concentration in leaf tissue were significantly higher by 33 and 14%, and the chlorophylla+b content insignficantly higher than in the parental cultivar. In contrast, the nodulation mutant ‘Risnod29’, exhibited a somewhat higher nodule fresh mass accumulation (by 21%) and individual nodule fresh mass (by 23%), total and specific acetylene reduction (by 49 and 19%) and a somewhat more rapid plant dry mass accumulation compared with the cv. Finale.     

Effect of paclobutrazol onin vitro formation of potato microtubers and their sprouting after storage

Paclobutrazol, the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, acceleratedin vitro tuber initiation of potato cv. Rema and increased the uniformity of tuberization period. However, the high concentrations (10–1000 mg l^?1) of this retardant, strongly decreased mass and/or number of microtubers. The microtubers were harvested and stored in darkness (22±2°C) for 250 d. After this period both sprouting and growth of sprouts were affected by previous paclobutrazol treatment.