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91.
ATP and NO are released from the urothelium in the bladder. Detrusor overactivity (DO) following spinal cord injury results in higher ATP and lower NO release from the bladder urothelium. Our aim was to study the relationship between ATP and NO release in (1) early diabetic bladders, an overactive bladder model; and (2) "diuretic" bladders, an underactive bladder model. To induce diabetes mellitus female rats received 65mg/kg streptozocin (i.v.). To induce chronic diuresis rats were fed with 5% sucrose. At 28 days, in vivo open cystometry was performed. Bladder wash was collected to analyze the amount of ATP and NO released into the bladder lumen. For in vitro analysis of ATP and NO release, a Ussing chamber was utilized and hypoosmotic Krebs was perfused on the urothelial side of the chamber. ATP was analyzed with luminometry or HPLC-fluorometry while NO was measured with a Sievers NO-analyzer. In vivo ATP release was increased in diabetic bladders and unchanged in diuretic bladders. In vitro release from the urothelium followed the same pattern. NO release was unchanged both in vitro and in vivo in overactive bladders whereas it was enhanced in underactive bladders. We found that the ratio of ATP/NO, representing sensory transmission in the bladder, was high in overactive and low in underactive bladder dysfunction. In summary, ATP release has a positive correlation while NO release has a negative correlation with the bladder contraction frequency. The urinary ATP/NO ratio may be a clinically relevant biomarker to characterize the extent of bladder dysfunction. 相似文献
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Munoz R López-López A Urdiain M Moore ER Rosselló-Móra R 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2011,34(1):69-75
The moderately halophilic, cultivable fraction of prokaryotes thriving in hypersaline sediments of a solar saltern in Mallorca, Spain, has been studied by means of different cultivation media. A set of 374 isolates retrieved with six different culture conditions was screened, using whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis to classify them into 25 phenotypic clusters at 52% similarity. The phylogenetic inference, made from comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes of selected strains, indicated that each phenotypic cluster was comprised of a genealogically homogeneous set of strains. DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) results among selected strains confirmed that each MALDI-TOF cluster encompassed members of the same species. On the other hand, the intra-cluster diversity, measured by several RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) amplifications, indicated that the clusters corresponded to several populations of the same phylogenetic unit coexisting in the same environment. The results encourage the use of MALDI-TOF MS for further exhaustive studies of the cultivable diversity of hypersaline environments. 相似文献
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Christine P. Diggle Daniel J. Moore Girish Mali Petra zur Lage Aouatef Ait-Lounis Miriam Schmidts Amelia Shoemark Amaya Garcia Munoz Mihail R. Halachev Philippe Gautier Patricia L. Yeyati David T. Bonthron Ian M. Carr Bruce Hayward Alexander F. Markham Jilly E. Hope Alex von Kriegsheim Hannah M. Mitchison Ian J. Jackson Bénédicte Durand Walter Reith Eamonn Sheridan Andrew P. Jarman Pleasantine Mill 《PLoS genetics》2014,10(9)
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We describe a method for the preparation of the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton and nuclear matrix of cells within organs and tissues. Such cells were previously inaccessible to study because the three-dimensional organization of cells in organs prevented uniform distribution of the detergent throughout the multiple cell layers. We use the method presented here to compare the proteins present in the cytoskeleton, nuclear matrix and soluble fractions of cells from different histotypes. SDS-gel analysis demonstrates that soluble and nuclear matrix proteins differ greatly between histotypes while cytoskeletal proteins are relatively similar. Immunocytochemical analysis of tissue prepared using this procedure also demonstrates that the intracellular structure of cells within organs differs from that of in vitro cultured cells. 相似文献
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Serratia marcescens wild-types ATCC 264 and Nima grew but did not synthesize prodigiosin in a glycerol-alanine medium containing 10 ng of Fe per ml. Wild-type 264 required the addition of 0.2 mug of Fe per ml for maximal growth and prodigiosin synthesis; Nima required 0.5 mug of Fe per ml. Three percent, but not 0.1%, sea salts inhibited prodigiosin synthesis in a complex medium containing up to 10 mug of Fe per ml. NaCl was the inhibitory sea salt component. The inhibition was not specific for NaCl; equimolar concentrations of Na(2)SO(4), KCl, and K(2)SO(4) also inhibited prodigiosin synthesis. Experiments with strains 264 and Nima and with mutant WF which cannot synthesize 4-methoxy-2-2'-bipyrrole-5-carboxyaldehyde (MBC), the bipyrrole moiety of prodigiosin, and with mutant 9-3-3 which cannot synthesize the monopyrrole moiety 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole (MAP) showed that both MBC synthesis and the reaction condensing MAP and MBC to form prodigiosin were relatively more sensitive to NaCl inhibition than the MAP-synthesizing step. The capacity of whole cells to condense MAP and MBC was present, but inactive, in cells grown in NaCl; removal of the NaCl from non-proliferating salt-grown cells restored the activity. Other evidence suggests the existence of a common precursor to the MAP- and MBC-synthesizing pathways. 相似文献