Electroencephalographic changes in the lateral septum complex following systemic administration of DES-TYR1 -α-endorphin,Des-Tyr1-γ-endorphin and haloperidol in rats

The influence of systemically administered Des-Tyr¹-α-endorphin (DTαE), Des-Tyr¹-γ-endorphin (DTγE) and haloperidol on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the lateral septum complex (LSC) and the frontal cortex was studied in male rats. DTαE (2 μg) significantly increased whereas DTγE (10 μg) significantly decreased the amounts of activity in the 5 Hz band. In addition, DTαE promoted production of 15 - 20 Hz activity, while DTγE decreased the amount of 20 - 30 Hz activity. EEG activity exhibited a marked variability which persisted throughout the recording session following administration of the peptides. Haloperidol markedly decreased the proportion of 10 - 15 Hz activity. The alterations in EEG of the frontal cortex were similar to those in LSC but less pronounced. The differences in the time course and frequency bands affected suggest that the effects of peptides and haloperidol on EEG activity of LSC are not mediated by the same mechanisms.     

Fire history of an isolated subalpine mountain range of the Intermountain Region,United States

Fire has historically been an important ecological component of forests in the Intermountain Region of the northwestern United States. This study is set in a small biogeographically disjunct mountain range. Our research objectives were to (1) investigate the historical frequency, severity, size, and spatial pattern of fire; (2) determine if and how fire regimes have changed since Euro-American settlement; and (3) compare how fire regimes of a small isolated range compare to nearby, but considerably larger, mountain agglomerations. Our findings suggest that this mountain range has historically supported fires typified by small size and high frequency, resulting in a high degree of spatial pattern complexity compared to mountain agglomerations. We also found disparity in size and burn severity solely within the study area based on the bisecting Continental Divide. Since the advent of Euro-American settlement in the 1870s, fire frequency and sizes of individual fires in the West Big Hole Range have significantly decreased resulting in an estimated 87% reduction in area burned. We discuss potential relationships of mountain range isolation and fire regimes in the Intermountain Region. Furthermore, we suggest that the relative small size of this mountain range predisposes it to greater anthropogenic effects upon fire occurrence.     

Uteroferrin: A protein in search of a function

Uteroferrin, a purple-colored, iron-containing acid phosphatase, with many of the properties of a lysosomal hydrolase, transports iron from the mother to the conceptus in pregnant pigs. Uteroferrin, however, is but one member of what may be a broad class of iron-containing phosphatases with unusual spectral properties which result from a novel type of di-iron active site. The biological function of uteroferrin is unknown. We argue here that the in vivo function of uteroferrin, despite its undoubted ability to act as a potent acid phosphatase, is that of a transplacental iron transporter.     

Trees on networks: resolving statistical patterns of phylogenetic similarities among interacting proteins

Background  

Phylogenies capture the evolutionary ancestry linking extant species. Correlations and similarities among a set of species are mediated by and need to be understood in terms of the phylogenic tree. In a similar way it has been argued that biological networks also induce correlations among sets of interacting genes or their protein products.     

Growth of acetotrophic,methane-producing bacteria in a pH auxostat

Three acetotrophicMethanosarcina species, which included marine, nonmarine, and thermophilic strains, were grown on acetate in a 10-liter pH auxostat. Specific growth rates and molar growth yields were constant throughout growth. Cell yields were up to 18-fold greater than previously reported. These properties of the pH auxostat indicate that it is a preferred culture method for the biochemical study of methanogenesis from acetate.     

Reproductive life history of ocelotsLeopardus pardalis in southern Texas

The ocelotLeopardus pardalis Linnaeus, 1758 is an endangered felid in the United States currently restricted to southern Texas. The objectives of our study were to obtain data on ocelot parturition dates, fecundity, sex ratios, den characteristics, and first year survival, all of which are critical in development of population viability models. Sixteen parturition events were recorded ranging from mid-April to late December for 12 wild ocelots. Cumulatively, litters consisted of 1 or 2 kittens (ˉ = 1.2 ± 0.44 SD). Cumulative sex ratio was 1∶2.5 (male:female); however, there was no significant difference between the observed sex ratio and a 1∶1 sex ratio. Ten den sites were in close proximity (≤ 10 m) to dense thornshrub. Adult female ocelots used 2 to 4 den sites for each litter with distance between consecutively occupied dens ranging from 110 to 280 m (ˉ = 158 m ± 93 SD). An estimated annual survival for ocelots 0 to 1 year of age was 0.68. Evidence suggests that ocelots in the wild may breed more frequently than had been previously hypothesized.     

Immobilisation of phosphorus by iron-coated roots of submerged macrophytes

Hydrobiologia - To observe effects on the phosphorus retention mechanisms of a lake after re-colonisation by macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus L. and Elodea canadensis Michx. were planted in lab...