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221.
Absorption and imagery locate immune responses in the body 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Banks Gregerson Ingram M. Roberts Michael M. Amiri 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》1996,21(2):149-165
Imagery instructions specifying mucosal immunity should alter mucosal immunoglobulin A (m-IgA) levels in high absorbers, whose intent concentration evokes intense physiological responses. After screening for health status, 121 high or low absorbers were randomly assigned to either Relaxation Alone (R), Relaxation with Mucosal Immune Imagery (RI), or Vigilance Task control (VT). Before and after one 60-min intervention, subjects reported theory-relevant psychological variables and provided 5ml whole saliva, which was immediately frozen and assayed lateren masse with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbence (ELISA). MANOVA analysis of psychological variables replicated past research. ANOVA on residualized m-IgA found Time × Absorption interaction and Condition main effects. High more than low absorbers responded to relaxation with mucosal immune imagery by producing higher m-IgA. High absorbers appear able to locate where their immune systems will respond. Individual differences like absorption level need to be emphasized in diagnosis and treatment responsiveness.National Institutes of HealthM. Banks (Jasnoski) Gregerson, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, changed to The Family Therapy Institute; Ingram M. Roberts, The George Washington University Medical Center, changed to Department of Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital; and Michael M. Amiri, The George Washington University Medical Center, changed to the Department of Neuroscience, NINDS Branch, National Institutes of Health. This research supported by an intra-mural BioMedical Research Grant from The George Washington University, was presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, Massachusetts. Special thanks are extended to the following students who assisted instrumentally at various stages: undergraduates Lina Alathari, S. Theodor King, Beth Lieberman, Parisa Lotfi, Anita McClenon, and Karen Siscoe, and graduate student Mariken Hasert. 相似文献
222.
Michael Boppr 《当今生物学》1995,25(1):8-17
Der stürmischen Entwicklung analytisch-technischer Möglichkeiten in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten ist es zu verdanken. daß Substanzen selbst in Mikromengen chemisch charakterisierbar sind. Tausende neuer Naturstoffe konnten so identifiziert werden. Über ihre biologischen Funktionen beginnen wir, mehr and mehr zu lernen, und entdecken ungeahnt komplexe Beziehungen auf allen Ebenen, von der des Individuums bis zur Population und den vielfältig vernetzten Ökosystemen. Chemische Kommunikation spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der belebten Welt. Das Verständnis ihrer Grundlagen ist für uns Menschen zwangsläufig von immenser Bedeutung, nicht zuletzt für Bemühungen um umweltverträgliche Programme zum Management von Schadpopulationen. Ziele und Aufgaben der jungen und multidisziplinären ?Chemischen Ökologie”? sind es, all diejenigen Interaktionen zwischen Organismen zu untersuchen, die durch Naturstoffe vermittelt werden. Zu ihren bislang herausragenden Themengebieten gehören beispielsweise Beziehungen zwischen Insekten und Pflanzen, aber auch Pheromone, das sind Sekrete, die der innerartlichen Kommunikation von Organismen dienen. Hier wird über Insekten berichtet, die Wehrstoffe (?Gifte”?) von Pflanzen unabhängig vom Nahrungserwerb aufnehmen können und diese Substanzen sowohl zum eigenen chemischen Schutz vor Gegenspielern als auch zur sexuellen Verständigung nutzen. Die chemische Ökologie solcher ?pharmakophager Insekten”? liefert grundlegende Kenntnisse über Insekten-Pflanzen-Beziehungen. Sie verknüpft dabei klassische biologische Forschungsgebiete wie (Balz-) Verhalten, (Sinnes- und Stoffwechsel-) Physiologie, (Funktions-)Morphologie und Taxonomie in einem ökologischen und evolutionsbiologischen Kontext untereinander wie auch mit der Naturstoffchemie. 相似文献
223.
Michael Ohl 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》1995,69(3-4):409-416
Lytopsenella kerneggeri n.sp. from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene) is described and compared with the hitherto known fossil and recent species of the genus. The phylogenetic position ofLytopsenella within the Bethylidae is discussed. PossiblyLytopsenella must be regarded as a paraphyletic grouping as autapomorphic characters of this taxon are unknown. Hence, the clarification of the exact phylogenetic position of the species ofLytopsenella is impossible. 相似文献
224.
Michael Knee 《Physiologia plantarum》1995,95(2):211-216
I considered the possibility that changes in fruit photosynthesis obscure the occurrence of the climacteric rise in respiration in tomato fruits attached to the plant. Internal CO2 and ethylene concentrations in tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. OH 7814) were analyzed after direct sampling through polyethylene tubes implanted in the external pericarp. Fruits which were shaded with aluminium foil contained up to 60 ml 1−1 CO2 , until the internal ethylene concentration exceeded 1 μl l−1 , when CO2 concentration declined to below 40 ml l−1 ; the CO2 concentration in fruits exposed to light only occasionally exceeded 40 ml 1−1 . The internal CO2 concentration of detached fruits first declined and then increased along with ethylene concentration, as expected for the climacteric. Detached green fruits under continuous low photosynthetic photon flux density (100 μmol m−2 s−1 ) contained almost no internal CO2 and produced no CO2 . Changes in photosynthesis and an associated CO2 -generating system in green fruits are thought to obscure the climacteric rise in tomato fruits developing on the plant. 相似文献
225.
In a phytotron experiment four rice varieties (Pokkali, IR 28, IR 50, IR 31785-58-1-2-3-3) grown in individual pots were subjected to low (40/55% day/night) and high (75/90%) air humidity (RH), while soil salinity was gradually increased by injecting 0, 30, 60 or 120 mM NaCl solutions every two days. Bulk root and stem base water potential (SWP), abscisic acid (ABA) content of the xylem sap and stomatal resistance (rs) of the youngest fully expanded leaf were determined two days after each salt application. The SWP decreased and xylem ABA and rs increased throughout the 8 days of treatment. The effects were amplified by low RH. A chain of physiological events was hypothesized in which high soil electric conductivity (EC) reduces SWP, followed by release of root-borne ABA to the xylem and eventually resulting in stomatal closure. To explain varietal differences in stomatal reaction, supposed cause and effect variables were compared by linear regression. This revealed strong differences in physiological reactions to the RH and salt treatments among the test varieties. Under salt stress roots of IR 31785-58-1-2-3-3 produced much ABA under low RH, but no additional effect of low RH on rs could be found. By contrast, Pokkali produced little ABA, but rs was strongly affected by RH. RH did not affect the relationships EC vs. SWP and SWP vs. ABA in Pokkali, IR 28, and IR 50, but the relationship ABA vs. rs was strongly affected by RH. In IR 31785-58-1-2-3-3 RH strongly affected the relationship SWP vs. ABA, but had no effect on ABA vs. rs and EC vs. rs. The results are discussed regarding possible differences in varietal stomatal sensitivity to ABA and their implications for varietal salt tolerance. 相似文献
226.
227.
Beverly J. Hallahan Saul Purton Angela Ivison Derek Wright Michael C. W. Evans 《Photosynthesis research》1995,46(1-2):257-264
The psaA and psaB genes of the chloroplast genome in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms code for the major peptides of the Photosystem 1 reaction center. A heterodimer of the two polypeptides PsaA and PsaB is thought to bind the reaction center chlorophyll, P700, and the early electron acceptors A0, A1 and Fe-SX. Fe-SX is a 4Fe4S center requiring 4 cysteine residues as ligands from the protein. As PsaA and PsaB have only three and two conserved cysteine residues respectively, it has been proposed by several groups that Fe-SX is an unusual inter-peptide center liganded by two cysteines from each peptide. This hypothesis has been tested by site directed mutagenesis of PsaA residue C575 and the adjacent D576. The C575D mutant does not assemble Photosystem 1. The C575H mutant contains a photoxidisable chlorophyll with EPR properties of P700, but no other Photosystem 1 function has been detected. The D576L mutant assembles a modified Photosystem 1 in which the EPR properties of the Fe-SA/B centers are altered. The results confirm the importance of the conserved cysteine motif region in Photosystem 1 structure.Dedicated to the memory of Daniel I. Arnon. 相似文献
228.
Intron-dependent transient expression of the maize GapA1 gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
229.
Despite the important position of amphibia in phylogeny, efforts at the structural characterization of amphibian neurohormonal peptides have largely been confined to the Anurans (frogs and toads). Insulin was purified from an extract of the pancreas of the caecilian, Typhlonectes natans. The primary structure of the peptide was established as:
- A-chain: Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Lys5-Cys-Cys-Leu-Ser-Thr10-Cys-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Glu15-Leu-Glu-Ser-Tyr-Cys20-Asn
- B-chain: Ile-Ala-Asn-Gln-His5-Leu-Cys-Gly-Ser-His10-Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu15-Tyr-Leu-Val-Cys-Ala20-Asp-Arg-Gly-Phe- Phe25-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ser30
This amino acid sequence contains several unusual substitutions (Gln → Lys at A5, His → Leu at A8, Gln → Glu at A15, and Gly → Ala at B20) that are not present in other amphibian insulins. The structure of insulin appears to be less well conserved among the different orders of amphibia, compared with reptiles and birds. 相似文献
230.
Michael C. Whitlock 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(2):252-259
The increase in phenotypic variance that occurs in some populations as a result of bottlenecks and founder events can cause a dramatic increase in the probability of a peak shift from one adaptive state to another. Periods of small population size allow drift in the amount of phenotypic variance. Increases in phenotypic variance, coupled with a constant individual fitness function with multiple peaks, can cause the mean fitness landscape to change from bimodal to unimodal, thereby allowing the population's mean phenotype to change deterministically by selection. As the amount of phenotypic variance is returned to an equilibrium state, the multiple peaks reemerge, but the population has moved from one stable state to another. These variance-induced peak shifts allow punctuational evolution from one peak to another at a rate that can be much higher than that predicted by Wright's shifting-balance process alone. 相似文献