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81.
Baneshwar Singh Tawni L. Crippen Longyu Zheng Andrew T. Fields Ziniu Yu Qun Ma Thomas K. Wood Scot E. Dowd Micah Flores Jeffery K. Tomberlin Aaron M. Tarone 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2015,99(2):869-883
Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a blow fly genus of forensic, medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance. This genus is also famous because of its beneficial uses in maggot debridement therapy (MDT). Although the genus is of considerable economic importance, our knowledge about microbes associated with these flies and how these bacteria are horizontally and trans-generationally transmitted is limited. In this study, we characterized bacteria associated with different life stages of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and in the salivary gland of L. sericata by using 16S rDNA 454 pyrosequencing. Bacteria associated with the salivary gland of L. sericata were also characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results from this study suggest that the majority of bacteria associated with these flies belong to phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, and most bacteria are maintained intragenerationally, with a considerable degree of turnover from generation to generation. In both species, second-generation eggs exhibited the highest bacterial phylum diversity (20 % genetic distance) than other life stages. The Lucilia sister species shared the majority of their classified genera. Of the shared bacterial genera, Providencia, Ignatzschineria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Vagococcus, Morganella, and Myroides were present at relatively high abundances. Lactobacillus, Proteus, Diaphorobacter, and Morganella were the dominant bacterial genera associated with a survey of the salivary gland of L. sericata. TEM analysis showed a sparse distribution of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the salivary gland of L. sericata. There was more evidence for horizontal transmission of bacteria than there was for trans-generational inheritance. Several pathogenic genera were either amplified or reduced by the larval feeding on decomposing liver as a resource. Overall, this study provides information on bacterial communities associated with different life stages of Lucilia and their horizontal and trans-generational transmission, which may help in the development of better vector-borne disease management and MDT methods. 相似文献
82.
Objective
To determine the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and insulin resistance in Gambians.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Outpatient clinics of Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital and Medical Research Council Laboratories in Banjul.Participants
Three hundred and sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled from outpatient clinics. The data of 275 participants (89 males) were included in the analysis with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 53.7 (±11.9) years.Interventions
A questionnaire was filled and anthropometric measurements were taken. 2-D guided M-mode echocardiography, standard 12-1ead electrocardiogram, fasting insulin and the oral glucose tolerance test were performed.Main Outcome Measures
The Penn formula was used to determine the left ventricular mass index, 125 g/m2 in males and 110 g/m2 in females as the cut-off for left ventricular hypertrophy. Using the fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels, the insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostatic model assessment formula. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and insulin resistance.Results
The mean Penn left ventricular mass index was 119.5 (±54.3) and the prevalence of Penn left ventricular mass index left ventricular hypertrophy was 41%. The mean fasting glucose was 5.6 (±2.5) mmol/l, fasting insulin was 6.39 (±5.49) μU/ml and insulin resistance was 1.58 (±1.45). There was no association between Penn left ventricular mass index left ventricular hypertrophy and log of insulin resistance in univariate (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80 – 1.19, p = 0.819) and multivariate logistic regression (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.76–1.15, p = 0.516) analysis.Conclusion
No association was found in this study between left ventricular hypertrophy and insulin resistance in Gambians and this does not support the suggestion that insulin is an independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensives. 相似文献83.
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86.
Pathway analysis, also known as gene-set enrichment analysis, is a multilocus analytic strategy that integrates a priori, biological knowledge into the statistical analysis of high-throughput genetics data. Originally developed for the studies of gene expression data, it has become a powerful analytic procedure for indepth mining of genome-wide genetic variation data. Astonishing discoveries were made in the past years,uncovering genes and biological mechanisms underlying common and complex disorders. However, as massive amounts of diverse functional genomics data accrue, there is a pressing need for newer generations of pathway analysis methods that can utilize multiple layers of high-throughput genomics data. In this review, we provide an intellectual foundation of this powerful analytic strategy, as well as an update of the state-of-the-art in recent method developments. The goal of this review is threefold:(1) introduce the motivation and basic steps of pathway analysis for genome-wide genetic variation data;(2) review the merits and the shortcomings of classic and newly emerging integrative pathway analysis tools; and(3)discuss remaining challenges and future directions for further method developments. 相似文献
87.
Larvae, identified as post-oncomiracidia of the suborder Gastrocotylinea (Monogenoidea), were collected from formalin-fixed gills excised from six species of marine fishes captured from the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi and Florida: common dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus and pompano dolphinfish, Coryphaena equiselis (both Perciformes, Coryphaenidae); gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus (Perciformes, Lutjanidae); greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Perciformes, Carangidae); and Atlantic flyingfish, Cheilopogon melanurus and sailfin flyingfish, Parexocoetus hillianus (both Beloniformes and Exocoetidae). Based on a combination of diagnostic morphological features, the specimens were divided into two basic forms, each of which was further subdivided into two morphotypes. No gastrocotylinean post-oncomiracidium had been reported previously from these hosts. Of the six host species, only C. hippurus serves as a host (unconfirmed) for the adult of a gastrocotylinean species, suggesting that the recorded fishes from the Gulf of Mexico comprise dead-end hosts acting as decoys for the oncomiracidia. These comparatively non-susceptible “decoy hosts” apparently dilute the susceptible fish-host population and by intercepting infective larvae (oncomiracidia) decrease the abundance of parasites on their typical hosts. 相似文献
88.
Kim S Kim SF Maag D Maxwell MJ Resnick AC Juluri KR Chakraborty A Koldobskiy MA Cha SH Barrow R Snowman AM Snyder SH 《Cell metabolism》2011,13(2):215-221
mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1; mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] in complex with raptor) is a key regulator of protein synthesis and cell growth in response to nutrient amino acids. Here we report that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which possesses both inositol phosphate kinase and lipid kinase activities, regulates amino acid signaling to mTORC1. This regulation is independent of IPMK's catalytic function, instead reflecting its binding with mTOR and raptor, which maintains the mTOR-raptor association. Thus, IPMK appears to be a physiologic mTOR cofactor, serving as a determinant of mTORC1 stability and amino acid-induced mTOR signaling. Substances that block IPMK-mTORC1 binding may afford therapeutic benefit in nutrient amino acid-regulated conditions such as obesity and diabetes. 相似文献
89.
90.
Moody MA Zhang R Walter EB Woods CW Ginsburg GS McClain MT Denny TN Chen X Munshaw S Marshall DJ Whitesides JF Drinker MS Amos JD Gurley TC Eudailey JA Foulger A DeRosa KR Parks R Meyerhoff RR Yu JS Kozink DM Barefoot BE Ramsburg EA Khurana S Golding H Vandergrift NA Alam SM Tomaras GD Kepler TB Kelsoe G Liao HX Haynes BF 《PloS one》2011,6(10):e25797