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排序方式: 共有261条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Andrew Curtright Micaela Rosser Shamii Goh Bailey Keown Erinn Wagner Jasmine Sharifi David W. Raible Ajay Dhaka 《PloS one》2015,10(1)
Acute and chronic pain conditions are often debilitating, inflicting severe physiological, emotional and economic costs and affect a large percentage of the global population. However, the development of therapeutic analgesic agents based primarily on targeted drug development has been largely ineffective. An alternative approach to analgesic development would be to develop low cost, high throughput, untargeted animal based behavioral screens that model complex nociceptive behaviors in which to screen for analgesic compounds. Here we describe the development of a behavioral based assay in zebrafish larvae that is effective in identifying small molecule compounds with analgesic properties. In a place aversion assay, which likely utilizes supraspinal neuronal circuitry, individually arrayed zebrafish larvae show temperature-dependent aversion to increasing and decreasing temperatures deviating from rearing temperature. Modeling thermal hyperalgesia, the addition of the noxious inflammatory compound and TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate sensitized heat aversion and reversed cool aversion leading larvae to avoid rearing temperature in favor of otherwise acutely aversive cooler temperatures. We show that small molecules with known analgesic properties are able to inhibit acute and/or sensitized temperature aversion. 相似文献
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Influence of caffeine on 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration and neuroinflammation is age‐dependent
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María Paz Sal Moyano Tomás Luppi María Andrea Gavio Micaela Vallina Colin McLay 《Helgoland Marine Research》2012,66(4):661-674
The extent of the receptive period may determine the mating strategies employed by female crabs to obtain mates. Here, we studied the receptivity of female Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851) in the laboratory, including the form of the vulvae and the anatomy of the seminal receptacle (SR). We examined the factors that influence the duration of receptivity by comparing two populations inhabiting contrasting habitats: Mar Chiquita Coastal lagoon (MCL), which is an oligo-polyhaline estuary, and San Antonio Oeste (SAO), which is an eu-hyperhaline marine bay. Non-receptive females have immobile vulva opercula, while receptive females have mobile opercula. Histological sections of the SR showed that the degree of epithelium secretions was associated with the receptive stage of females, and they may be involved in the maintenance of viable sperm and in the dehiscence of spermatophores. The existence of a special tissue at the junction of the oviduct and the SR was described and proposed as an internal mechanism influencing the timing of ovulation. The duration of receptivity was dependent on the SR load and the capacity to lay eggs. Thus, females with empty SR exhibited longer receptivity and did not lay eggs, while those with full SR exhibited shorter receptivity and always laid eggs. Interpopulation differences showed that females from SAO had shorter receptivity and heavier SR and laid eggs more frequently than females from MCL. Based on our results, we suggest that N. granulata females can adjust the duration of their receptivity and control the moment of fertilization according to different internal mechanisms related to the morphology of the vulvae, the fullness of the SR and anatomical attributes of the SR. An important consequence of this control is greater sperm competition. The extent of the receptive period and the number of times that a female could become receptive in a single reproductive season may also depend on the habitat characteristics. 相似文献
56.
Modeling electromagnetic fields detectability in a HH-like neuronal system: stochastic resonance and window behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Noise has already been shown to play a constructive role in neuronal processing and reliability, according to stochastic resonance
(SR). Here another issue is addressed, concerning noise role in the detectability of an exogenous signal, here representing
an electromagnetic (EM) field. A Hodgkin–Huxley like neuronal model describing a myelinated nerve fiber is proposed and validated,
excited with a suprathreshold stimulation. EM field is introduced as an additive voltage input and its detectability in neuronal
response is evaluated in terms of the output signal-to-noise ratio. Noise intensities maximizing spiking activity coherence
with the exogenous EM signal are clearly shown, indicating a stochastic resonant behavior, strictly connected to the model
frequency sensitivity. In this study SR exhibits a window of occurrence in the values of field frequency and intensity, which
is a kind of effect long reported in bioelectromagnetic experimental studies. The spatial distribution of the modeled structure
also allows to investigate possible effects on action potentials saltatory propagation, which results to be reliable and robust
over the presence of an exogenous EM field and biological noise. The proposed approach can be seen as assessing biophysical
bases of medical applications funded on electric and magnetic stimulation where the role of noise as a cooperative factor
has recently gained growing attention.
This work investigates the role of noise as a cooperative factor for the detection of an exogenous electromagnetic field in
a compartimental model of a myelinated nerve fiber. The occurrence of stochastic resonance is discussed in relation to neuronal
frequency sensitivity. 相似文献
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Cécile Delarasse Pauline Gonnord Micaela Galante Rodolphe Auger Hervé Daniel Iris Motta Jean M. Kanellopoulos 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,109(3):846-857
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and have been used to treat several animal models of CNS disorders. In the present study, we show that the P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7R) is present on NPCs. In NPCs, P2X7R activation by the agonists extracellular ATP or benzoyl ATP triggers opening of a non-selective cationic channel. Prolonged activation of P2X7R with these nucleotides leads to caspase independent death of NPCs. P2X7R ligation induces NPC lysis/necrosis demonstrated by cell membrane disruption accompanied with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In most cells that express P2X7R, sustained stimulation with ATP leads to the formation of a non-selective pore allowing the entry of solutes up to 900 Da, which are reportedly involved in P2X7R-mediated cell lysis. Surprisingly, activation of P2X7R in NPCs causes cell death in the absence of pore formation. Our data support the notion that high levels of extracellular ATP in inflammatory CNS lesions may delay the successful graft of NPCs used to replace cells and repair CNS damage. 相似文献
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Polverini E Fornabaio M Fasano A Carlone G Riccio P Cavatorta P 《Journal of structural biology》2006,153(3):253-263
The P2 protein is a small, extrinsic protein of the myelin membrane in the peripheral nervous system that structurally belongs to the fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) family, sharing with them a 10 strands beta-barrel structure. FABPs appear to be involved in cellular fatty acid transport, but very little is known about the role of P2 in the metabolism of peripheral myelin lipids. Study of protein conformation at different pHs is a useful tool for the characterization of the unfolding mechanisms and the intrinsic conformational properties of the protein, and may give insight into factors that guide protein folding pathways. In particular, low pH conditions have been shown to induce partially folded states in several proteins. In this paper, the acidic unfolding of purified P2 protein was studied with both spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. Both experimental and computational results indicate the presence of a partly folded state at low pH, which shows structural changes mainly involving the lid that is formed by the helix-turn-helix domain. The opening of the lid, together with a barrel relaxation, could regulate the ligand exchanges near the cell membrane, supporting the hypothesis that the P2 protein may transport fatty acids between Schwann cells and peripheral myelin. 相似文献