Properties and kinetics of a population of B-lymphocytes during rat ontogenesis]

Cells bearing surface immunoglobulins (Ig+-cells) detected by the indirect immunofluorescent method and cells forming rosettes (RFC) with sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (EAC rosettes) were found in the liver and the spleen on the 15th and the 20th days of prenatal life of rats. The percentage of Ig+-cells and RFC in the liver was high and remained unchanged and at about the same level during the whole postnatal life. The spleen and the bone marrow displayed an increase of the Ig+-cells and RFC increased throughout the 1st month of postnatal life with the maximum at the 30th day after birth; a sharp decrease occurred in old animals. In the thymus the Ig+-cells and the RFC were either absent or present in very small amounts only at some periods of study. Ig+-cells with "capping" were discovered in the spleen and bone marrow on the 5th--10th days of postnatal life; their count increased considerably in 30-day and adult rats. Such cells were absent in the lymphoid tissues of old 40-month rats.     

Karyotaxonomical studies in theJuncus bufonius aggregate in Slovakia

Karyotaxonomical investigations into theJuncus bufonius aggregate in Slovakia revealed the existence of three cytodemes, namely 2n=34, 2n=c. 72, 2n=c. 100–110.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒RNA的cDNA合成及其分子杂交的研究

BVDV(牛病毒性腹泻病毒)是一类有重要经济价值的病毒,其核酸为单链RNA。该病毒提纯以后.用苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇提取RNA.在提取的BVDy RNA中所含的DNA杂质用DNase I降解除去,然后进一步用oligo dT纤维素拄亲和层析,琼脂糖凝胶电泳等方法纯化。纯化的BVDV RNA在E.coli,poly A聚合酶的催化作用下,在3’羟基末端聚腺化。cDNA在逆向转录酶的作用下,用polyA接尾的BVDV RNA作模板,oligodT_12—18作引物合成。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果说明它与BVDV RNA相似。该cDNA的探针用斑点杂交方法与BVDV RNA,HCV RNA和酵母tRNA杂交,BVDV RNA和HCVRNA显阳性反应,酵母tRNA显阴性反应,结果说明合成的cDNA为BVDV RNA的cDNA。BVDV和HCV同为披盖科疫病毒属成员,它们具有部分相同的抗原,因此编码病毒蛋白的RNA序列具有同源序列,本研究证实了这种假设。     

Nigericin forms highly stable complexes with lithium and cesium

Nigericin is a monocarboxylic polyether molecule described as a mobile K⁺ ionophore unable to transport Li⁺ and Cs⁺ across natural or artificial membranes. This paper shows that the ion carrier molecule forms complexes of equivalent energy demands with Li⁺, Cs⁺, Na⁺, Rb⁺, and K⁺. This is in accordance with the similar values of the complex stability constants obtained from nigericin with the five alkali metal cations assayed. On the other hand, nigericinalkali metal cation binding isotherms show faster rates for Li⁺ and Cs⁺ than for Na⁺, K⁺, and Rb⁺, in conditions where the carboxylic proton does not dissociate. Furthermore, proton NMR spectra of nigericin-Li⁺ and nigericin-Cs⁺ complexes show wide broadenings, suggesting strong cation interaction with the ionophore; in contrast, the complexes with Na⁺, K⁺, and Rb⁺ show only clear-cut chemical shifts. These latter results support the view that nigericin forms highly stable complexes with Li⁺ and Cs⁺ and contribute to the explanation for the inability of this ionophore to transport the former cations in conditions where it catalyzes a fast transport of K⁺>Rb⁺>Na⁺.Part of the results of this paper were presented at the 14th International Congress of Biochemistry in Prague, Czechoslovakia.     

Ammonium ingestion prevents depletion of hepatic energy metabolites induced by acute ammonium intoxication

Ingestion of an ammonium containing diet produces hyperammonemia and protects rats against acute ammonium intoxication. Acute ammonium toxicity has been attributed to the depletion of energy metabolite intermediates. We show here that hyperammonemia affords considerable protection against depletion of hepatic energy metabolites evoked by ammonium acetate injection. In control rats there were marked decreases in the content of acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, ATP, 2-oxoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate while phosphoenolpyruvate increased markedly. In hyperammonemic rats beta-hydroxybutyrate, ATP, 2-oxoglutarate, and lactate were not significantly affected while pyruvate increased markedly and phosphoenolpyruvate slightly. These results suggest that in controls the activity of pyruvate kinase is inhibited after ammonium injection while in hyperammonemic rats it is not inhibited. The content of alanine (an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase) reached 2.8 mumol/g in controls and 1.6 mumol/g in hyperammonemic rats, 15 min after ammonium injection. This could explain the different effects of ammonium injection on control and hyperammonemic rats.     

Ecological aspects of Sargassum muticum (Fucales,Phaeophyta) in Baja California,Mexico: reproductive phenology and epiphytes

The reproductive phenology and epiphytic macroalgae of Sargassum muticum were studied through an annual cycle (September 1987 to November 1988) at two sites on the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico, which were subjected to different degrees of wave exposure. Sargassum muticum is a brown alga of Japanese origin, now considered a permanent member of the marine flora of Baja California. A similar reproductive development was observed at both sites, with a maximum percentage of reproductive plants from May to July (spring–summer) and minimum from December to March (winter). Reproductive plants were found throughout the year. A total of 48 species of epiphytes were identified and seasonal variation in their diversity was observed. The greatest diversity was found at the more protected site.     

13/14 translocation in a man with reproductive failure

Summary An inherited (maternal origin) 13/14 translocation with the nucleolus organizer regions eliminated and one centromere was found in an oligospermic man whose wife had had two spontaneous abortions. Meiotic studies revealed all stages of spermatogenesis with a trivalent configuration in diakinesis. Possible reasons for his subfertility and his mother's normal fertility are discussed.     

Dermatoglyphic studies of myocardial infarction patients

Dermatoglyphic traits were studied in a sample of 834 subjects selected from a cohort of some 8,000 living Japanese men, under a long-term study of heart disease in Hawaii. All of them were born between 1900 and 1919. Among them, 100 subjects had had positive diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The present study included comparisons between the MI patients and the remaining group of all digital dermal pattern types and ridge counts by digit, by hand, and by individual. The MI patients had significantly higher frequency of true whorls, double loops and less ulnar loops and tented arches. Total and absolute ridge counts were significantly higher (less than 0.05) in all digits in favor of the MI patients. Similar trends were observed in analyses by digit and by hand. These observations suggest an antenatal origin of certain types of coronary disease.     

Incorporation of H3-thymidine into the oocytes of a sterlet in the early meiotic prophase]

DNA synthesis in meiotic oocytes of the sterlet (A. ruthenus) has been studied during early prophase stages using H3-thymidine. The pattern of H3-thymidine incorporation is similar to that in oocytes of Amphibia and Osteichthyes. In the oogonia as well as in the leptotene and zygotene oocytes, the label is predominantly localized over chromosomes. An intensive incorporation of H3-thymidine into the material of the heterochromatic "cap" has been observed during pachytene. Thus, the main synthesis of extra DNA in the sterlet oocytes occurs during pachytene. No DNA in synthesized by the diplotene oocytes.     

Bacterial periphyton of the Vltava River

Bacterial periphyton formed during 48 hours was studied by glass slide method and direct counting in Vltava River in Praha, Czechoslovakia. At water temperatures 8–11°C the numbers of rods ranged between 24,000 and 336,000 per 1 cm² and those of cocci between 30,000 and 228,000. The relation rods: cocci ranged between 0,9 and 2,4 with an average value of 1,7, whereas in a fishpond this average was 0,5. Among the periphyton 81,3% bacterial cells were active. The rods: cocci relation seems to be a good indicator of water pollution by organic matter, but numbers distinguishing the individual saprobic levels cannot be given yet.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde der bakterielle Bewuchs von Glassplatten im Vltava-Fluss in Praha untersucht. Zweitägige Exposition erwies sich als am meisten geeignet, um den Bewuchs mikroskopisch durch direkte Zählung quantitativ zu erfassen. In Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe, Wassertemperatur, Verunreinigungsgrad, Sonnenstrahlung u.a. entwickelte sich der Bewuchs quantitativ unterschiedlich und zeigte auch eine unterschiedliche Relation von Stäbchen zu Kokken. Im beta-mesosaproben Bereich wurden im Herbst (Wassertemperaturen 8–11 °C) 24.000 bis 336.000 Stäbchen und 30.000 bis 228.000 Kokken per 1 cm² gefunden, mit den Mittelwerten 163.100 Stäbchen und 104.100 Kokken. Die Vergleichswerte von einem Fischteich in Motol lagen für Stäbchen im gleichen Bereich, während die Kokken, bis 254.000 erreichten.Die Relation Stäbchen: Kokken variierte im Vltava-Fluss zwischen 0,9 (nur einmal) und 2,4 mit dem Mittelwert 1,7, im Fischteich zwischen 0,4 ufnd 0,7 mit dem Mittelwert 0,5. Es hat sich erwiesen, dass diese Relation brauchbare Angaben über die organische Verunreinigung gibt. Leider liegen bisher zu wenige Ergebnisse vor, um eine Skale gegenüber den Saprobitätsstufen zu errichten.Unter den Bewuchsbakterien gab es in der Vltava durchschnittlich 81,3% aktive Zellen, wie durch Fluoreszenzanalyse festgestellt wurde.Fast alle Daten indizieren eine schwächere Verunreinigung des Wassers am linken Ufer als am rechten.