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1.
Genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (YPB-G) which secretes a bifunctional fusion protein that contains both Bacillus subtilis -amylase and Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase activities was used for the direct conversion of starch into ethanol. Starch was either supplied initially to different nutrient media or added instantaneously to the reactor at various discrete time instants (pulse feeding). Stoichiometric modeling was used to investigate the effects of initial substrate concentration and growth rate of the recombinant yeast culture on ethanol production. Reaction stoichiometries describing both the anabolism and catabolism of the microorganism were used as an input to flux balance analysis (FBA), the preferred metabolic modeling approach since the constructed stoichiometric network was underdetermined. Experiments for batch and fed-batch systems at different substrate concentrations were analyzed theoretically in terms of flux distributions using ethanol production rate as the maximization criteria. Calculated ethanol rates were in agreement with experimental measurements, suggesting that this recombinant microorganism is sufficiently evolved to optimize its ethanol production. The function of the main pathways of yeast metabolism (PPP, EMP, TCA) are discussed together with the node analyses of glucose-6-P and pyruvate branch points. Theoretical node analysis revealed that if the split ratio in G6P branch point is changed by genetic manipulations, the ethanol yield would be affected considerably. 相似文献
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Milagros C. Romay Nam Che Scott N. Becker Delila Pouldar Raffi Hagopian Xinshu Xiao Aldons J. Lusis Judith A. Berliner Mete Civelek 《Journal of lipid research》2015,56(1):38-50
Exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) to agents such as oxidized glycerophospholipids (oxGPs) and cytokines, known to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions, perturbs the expression of hundreds of genes in ECs involved in inflammatory and other biological processes. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating the inflammatory response in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in response to oxGPs and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Using next-generation sequencing and RT-quantitative PCR, we characterized the profile of expressed miRNAs in HAECs pre- and postexposure to oxGPs. Using this data, we identified miR-21-3p and miR-27a-5p to be induced 3- to 4-fold in response to oxGP and IL-1β treatment compared with control treatment. Transient overexpression of miR-21-3p and miR-27a-5p resulted in the downregulation of 1,253 genes with 922 genes overlapping between the two miRNAs. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis predicted that the two miRNAs were involved in the regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Overexpression of these two miRNAs leads to changes in p65 nuclear translocation. Using 3′ untranslated region luciferase assay, we identified 20 genes within the NF-κB signaling cascade as putative targets of miRs-21-3p and -27a-5p, implicating these two miRNAs as modulators of NF-κB signaling in ECs. 相似文献
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Orhan Mete Klc Kemal Ersayn Hikmet Gunal Ahlam Khalofah Moodi Saham Alsubeie 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(4):2634-2644
Land suitability classification is a useful management practice to ensure planned and sustainable use of agricultural lands according to their potentials. The main purposes of this study were to analyze land suitability for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation and generate a land suitability map for wheat by integrating the analytical hierarchy (AHP)-fuzzy algorithm with the Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Tozanlı sub-basin located in the upper part of Yeşilırmak Basin, Turkey. Topographic (elevation, slope, aspect) characteristics of the basin and some of physical and chemical properties of soils (texture, pH, electrical conductivity, lime, organic matter, and soil depth) were used as criteria in determining the suitability classes. Ninety-two disturbed soil samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm depth in October 2017 using random sampling method. Weighted overlay spatial analysis in GIS was used to combine different thematic layers to identify areas suitable for wheat production. The fuzzy-AHP suitability assessment model was adapted to determine the weights for topographic and soil properties. The highest specific weights were obtained for soil depth (0.232) and elevation (0.218), while the lowest weight was calculated for aspect (0.042). Highly, moderately, and marginally suitable lands for wheat cultivation cover 2.63, 9.85 and 32.59% of the study area, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that 54.92% of the total area is permanently unsuitable for wheat cultivation. The results revealed that integration of AHP-fuzzy algorithm and GIS techniques is a useful method for accurate evaluation of land suitability in planning for specific crop production and decreasing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural practices. 相似文献
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Karadag Abdullah Ozen Ata Ozkurt Mete Can Cavit Bozgeyik Ibrahim Kabadere Selda Uyar Ruhi 《Molecular biology reports》2021,48(7):5531-5539
Molecular Biology Reports - Herein, we identified miRNA signatures that were able to differentiate malignant prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and revealed the therapeutic potential... 相似文献
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Antonio Mete Keith Bowers Richard J. Bull Helen Coope David K. Donald Katherine J. Escott Rhonan Ford Ken Grime Andrew Mather Nicholas C. Ray Vince Russell 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(23):6248-6253
A novel series of muscarinic receptor antagonists was developed, with the aim of identifying a compound with high M3 receptor potency and a reduced risk of dose-limiting side effects with potential for the treatment of COPD.Initial compound modifications led to a novel cycloheptyl series, which was improved by focusing on a quinuclidine sub-series. A wide range of N-substituents was evaluated to determine the optimal substituent providing a high M3 receptor potency, high intrinsic clearance and high human plasma protein binding. Compounds achieving in vitro study criteria were selected for in vivo evaluation. Pharmacokinetic half-lives, inhibition of bronchoconstriction and duration of action, as well as systemic side effects, induced by the compounds were assessed in guinea-pig models.Compounds with a long duration of action and good therapeutic index were identified and AZD8683 was selected for progression to the clinic. 相似文献
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Walters I Bennion C Connolly S Croshaw PJ Hardy K Hartopp P Jackson CG King SJ Lawrence L Mete A Murray D Robinson DH Stein L Wells E John Withnall W 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2004,14(14):3645-3649
The high lipophilicity of a series of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) inhibitors has been reduced by the modification of a decyloxyphenyl chain designed to mimic the arachidonyl group of the natural substrate. These changes have resulted in an improvement in the whole cell potency of the inhibitors. 相似文献
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In this study, the effect of the endosulfan on mice kidney was investigated at ultrastructural level. Moreover, biochemical analyses (G6PD, CAT, SOD, GSH and MDA) were determined in supernatant of kidney tissue. Endosulfan (13mg/kg/day body weight) was administered orally to mices via intragastric-during 10 days. The presence of mitochondrial degeneration in cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubule cells were a striking feature. Furthermore, there was lipofuscin granules and membranous structures in some of proximal convoluted tubule cells. In some glomeruli, ultrastructural changes such as fusion in pedicels and focal thickening at glomerular basal membrane were seen. There were cytoplasmic bulges in some distal convoluted tubule cells. The biochemical results of the experimental group were significant when compared to the control. The effect of the endosulfan was mainly on the proximal convoluted tubule cells. Morever, the other parts of the nephron were effected. Thus, this degeneration in kidney may be thought that oxidative stress may play a role to the mediator in changing configuration of cell membrane and seem to account for the morphologic alteration of kidney. 相似文献
9.
Levetiracetam (LEV), a new anticonvulsant agent primarily used to treat epilepsy, has been used in pain treatment but the cellular mechanism of this action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate effects of LEV on the excitability and membrane depolarization-induced calcium signaling in isolated rat sensory neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp and fura 2-based ratiometric Ca(2+)-imaging techniques. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were excised from neonatal rats, and cultured following enzymatic and mechanical dissociation. Under current clamp conditions, acute application of LEV (30 μM, 100 μM and 300 μM) significantly increased input resistance and caused the membrane to hyperpolarize from resting membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Reversal potentials of action potential (AP) after hyperpolarising amplitudes were shifted to more negative, toward to potassium equilibrium potentials, after application of LEV. It also caused a decrease in number of APs in neurons fired multiple APs in response to prolonged depolarization. Fura-2 fluorescence Ca(2+) imaging protocols revealed that HiK(+) (30 mM)-induced intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was inhibited to 97.8 ± 4.6% (n = 17), 92.6 ± 4.8% (n = 17, p < 0.01) and 89.1 ± 5.1% (n = 18, p < 0.01) after application of 30 μM, 100 μM and 300 μM LEV (respectively), without any significant effect on basal levels of [Ca(2+)](i). This is the first evidence for the effect of LEV on the excitability of rat sensory neurons through an effect which might involve activation of potassium channels and inhibition of entry of Ca(2+), providing new insights for cellular mechanism(s) of LEV in pain treatment modalities. 相似文献
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The chemical composition of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Origanum acutidens was analyzed by GC-MS. Carvacrol (87.0%), p-cymene (2.0%), linalool acetate (1.7%), borneol (1.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (1.3%) were found to be as main constituents. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities of the oil and its aromatic monoterpene constituents, carvacrol, p-cymene and thymol were also determined. The antifungal assays showed that O. acutidens oil, carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited mycelial growth of 17 phytopathogenic fungi and their antifungal effects were higher than commercial fungicide, benomyl. However, p-cymene possessed lower antifungal activity. The oil, carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Rumex crispus and also showed a potent phytotoxic effect against these plants. However, p-cymene did not show any phytotoxic effect. Furthermore, O. acutidens oil showed 68.3% and 36.7% mortality against Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum adults, respectively. The findings of the present study suggest that antifungal and herbicidal properties of the oil can be attributed to its major component, carvacrol, and these agents have a potential to be used as fungicide, herbicide as well as insecticide. 相似文献