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61.
62.
J. A. Aguilar-Alberola F. Mesquita-Joanes S. López A. Mestre J. C. Casanova J. Rueda A. Ribas 《Hydrobiologia》2012,688(1):63-73
The American red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) was introduced in 1973 into the Iberian Peninsula for commercial purposes. As a result of both the expansion
from the Iberian Peninsula and, probably, further introductions in other European countries, now it is widely distributed
throughout much of Europe. The ecological impacts of this invading crayfish have received increasing attention, but nothing
is known about its symbiotic entocytherid ostracods outside the American continent. The present survey has examined more than
200 crayfishes from 12 localities distributed over a wide area of Eastern Spain. Entocytherid ostracods were extracted from
individual crayfishes and they were identified, counted, assigned to developmental instars and sexed. In all the study locations
but one, we found at least one crayfish individual infected by entocytherid ostracods and the species determined was the same
in all cases: Ankylocythere sinuosa (Rioja, 1942). The number of ostracods on individual P. clarkii varied notably in relation to crayfish size and also differed significantly among sampling sites. The crayfish size effects
on ostracod densities might be related to the amount of resources and to the crayfish age and moulting frequency affecting
ostracod distribution and population structure. In addition, the spatial variation in ostracod densities could also be related
to site-specific habitat traits and the variability of crayfish population dynamics. Our study represents the first citation
of an alien entocytherid species in Europe and demonstrates its wide distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Further research
is needed to know the potential effects of this ostracod species on the ecology of P. clarkii and of native species, with implications on the management of this aquatic invader. 相似文献
63.
Nothofagus nervosa (Raulí) is a native tree species that yields valuable timber. It was overexploited in the past and is currently included in domestication and conservation programs. Several research programs have focused on the characterization of epiphytic microorganisms because it has been demonstrated that they can affect plant-pathogen interactions and/or promote plant growth. Although the microbial ecology of leaves has been well studied, less is known about microorganisms occurring on seeds and noncommercial fruits. In this work, we analyzed the yeast and yeast-like fungi present on N.?nervosa fruits destined for the propagation of this species, as well as the effects of fruit preservation and seed dormancy-breaking processes on fungal diversity. Morphological and molecular methods were used, and differences between fungal communities were analyzed using a similarity index. A total of 171 isolates corresponding to 17 species were recovered, most of which belong to the phylum Ascomycota. The majority of the species develop mycelia, produce pigments and mycosporines, and these adaptation strategies are discussed. It was observed that the preservation process considerably reduced yeast and yeast-like fungal diversity. This is the first study concerning microbial communities associated with this ecologically and economically important species, and the information presented is relevant to domestication programs. 相似文献
64.
ANDREA FERREIRA DA COSTA PABLO JOSÉ FRANCISCO PENA RODRIGUES MARIA DAS GRAÇAS LAPA WANDERLEY 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,159(1):163-181
The species related to Vriesea paraibica (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) have controversial taxonomic limits. For several decades, this group has been identified in herbarium collections as V. × morreniana, an artificial hybrid that does not grow in natural habitats. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological variation in the V. paraibica complex through morphometric analyses of natural populations. Two sets of analyses were performed: the first involved six natural populations (G1) and the second was carried out on taxa that emerged from the first analysis, but using material from herbarium collections (G2). Univariate ANOVA was used, as well as discriminant analysis of 16 morphometric variables in G1 and 18 in G2. The results of the analyses of the two groups were similar and led to the selection of diagnostic traits of four species. Lengths of the lower and median floral bracts were significant for the separation of red and yellow floral bracts. Vriesea paraibica and V. interrogatoria have red bracts; these two species are differentiated by the widths of the lower and median portions of the inflorescence and by scape length. These structures are larger in the former and smaller in the latter. Of the species with yellow floral bracts, V. eltoniana is distinguished by longer leaf blades and scapes and V. flava is characterized by its shorter sepal lengths. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159 , 163–181. 相似文献
65.
66.
YIT ARN TEH OLIVIER MAZÉAS ALYSSA R. ATWOOD TRIFFID ABEL ROBERT C. RHEW 《Global Change Biology》2009,15(2):330-345
The Arctic tundra has been shown to be a potentially significant regional sink for methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br), although prior field studies were spatially and temporally limited, and did not include gross flux measurements. Here we compare net and gross CH3Cl and CH3Br fluxes in the northern coastal plain and continental interior. As expected, both regions were net sinks for CH3Cl and CH3Br. Gross uptake rates (−793 nmol CH3Cl m−2 day−1 and −20.3 nmol CH3Br m−2 day−1) were 20–240% greater than net fluxes, suggesting that the Arctic is an even greater sink than previously believed. Hydrology was the principal regulator of methyl halide flux, with an overall trend towards increasing methyl halide uptake with decreasing soil moisture. Water table depth was one of the best predictors of net and gross uptake, with uptake increasing proportionately with water table depth. In drier areas, gross uptake was very high, averaging −1201 nmol CH3Cl m−2 day−1 and −34.9 nmol CH3Br m−2 day−1; in flooded areas, gross uptake was significantly lower, averaging −61 nmol CH3Cl m−2 day−1 and −2.3 nmol CH3Br m−2 day−1. Net and gross uptake was greater in the continental interior than in the northern coastal plain, presumably due to drier inland conditions. Within certain microtopographic features (low‐ and high‐centered polygons), uptake rates were positively correlated with soil temperature, indicating that temperature played a secondary role in methyl halide uptake. Incubations suggested that the inverse relationship between water content and methyl halide uptake was the result of mass transfer limitation in saturated soils, rather than because of reduced microbial activity under anaerobic conditions. These findings have potential regional significance, as the Arctic is expected to become warmer and drier due to anthropogenic climate forcing, potentially enhancing the Arctic sink for CH3Cl and CH3Br. 相似文献
67.
The classic anatomo-clinic paradigm based on clinical syndromes is fraught with problems. Nevertheless, for multiple reasons, clinicians are reluctant to embrace a more pathophysiological approach, even though this is the prevalent paradigm under "which basic sciences work. In recent decades, nonlinear dynamics ("chaos theory") and fractal geometry have provided powerful new tools to analyze physiological systems. However, these tools are embedded in the pathophysiological perspective and are not easily translated to our classic syndromes. This article comments on the problems raised by the conventional anatomo-clinic paradigm and reviews three areas in which the influence of nonlinear dynamics and fractal geometry can be especially prominent: disease as a loss of complexity, the idea of homeostasis, and fractals in pathology. 相似文献
68.
Research laboratories studying the genetics of companion animals have no database tools specifically designed to aid in the
management of the many kinds of data that are generated, stored and analyzed. We have developed a relational database, "DOG-SPOT,"
to provide such a tool. Implemented in MS-Access, the database is easy to extend or customize to suit a lab's particular needs.
With DOG-SPOT a lab can manage data relating to dogs, breeds, samples, biomaterials, phenotypes, owners, communications, amplicons,
sequences, markers, genotypes and personnel. Such an integrated data structure helps ensure high quality data entry and makes
it easy to track physical stocks of biomaterials and oligonucleotides. 相似文献
69.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by p53 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
Subbaramaiah K Altorki N Chung WJ Mestre JR Sampat A Dannenberg AJ 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1999,274(16):10911-10915
70.
Mestre P Brigneti G Durrant MC Baulcombe DC 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2003,36(6):755-761
Ry confers extreme resistance (ER) to all strains of potato virus Y (PVY). In previous work, we have shown that the protease domain of the nuclear inclusion a protease (NIaPro) from PVY is the elicitor of the Ry-mediated resistance and that integrity of the protease active site is required for the elicitation of the resistance response. Two possibilities arise from these results: first, the structure of the active protease has elicitor activity; second, NIa-mediated proteolysis is required to elicit the resistance response. To resolve these possibilities, the NIaPro from PVY was randomly mutagenised and the clones obtained were screened for elicitation of cell death as an indicator of resistance and proteolytic activity. We did not find any mutants that had retained the ability to elicit cell death but had lost protease activity, as measured by processing of the NIa cleavage site in the viral genome. This was consistent with the idea that protease activity is necessary for elicitor activity. However, protease activity was not sufficient because we found three elicitor-defective mutants in which there was a high level of protease activity in this assay. 相似文献