Potentialities of ultrasound study in diagnosis of endophytic carcinoma of stomach

The data of studies of 45 patients with gastric cancer are used to consider the potentialities of ultrasonography (USG) in the diagnosis of its endophytic forms. Its use in the diagnosis of "small" gastric carcinomas is evaluated. The USG semiotics of endophytic tumors of the stomach, including its "small" and early forms, is presented. The place of USG in the diagnostic algorithmic of gastric cancer is specified. In the authors' opinion, gastric USG along with traditional X-ray and endoscopic studies should take an appropriate place as it is beneficial in solving a great deal of differential diagnostic problems associated with the intramural spread of tumors.     

Oligodeoxyribonucleosides Containing 1-β-D-Glucopyranosylthymine Synthesis and Substrate Properties

Abstract

Regioselective method for 1-β-D-glucopyranosylthymine incorporation into oligonucleotides has been developed and substrate properties of the latters in DNA synthesis and hydrolysis reactions were investigated.     

Behavioral characterictics of ISIAH rat strain

This work was performed in hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rat strains. The latter was used as a control group. The general evaluation of behavior of the ISIAH and WAG rats tested in the open field, in the light-dark test, in the sound stress test, and in the fatigue test showed that the motor and exploratory activity provoked by an unfamiliar environment was much higher in the ISIAH rats as compared to the control WAG strain. Spontaneous locomotor activity of the ISIAH rats in the home cage was significantly lower as compared to the control WAG strain. This finding suggests that the ISIAH rats are hyperreactive in an novel environment. It is concluded that the hypertensive ISIAH rats are significantly different from the control WAG rats not only in the arterial blood pressure level, but also in behavioral patterns.     

Nutritional factors of inflammation induction or lipid mechanism of endotoxin transport

Integral parameters of bacterial lipopolysaccharide concentration and antiendotoxin immunity activity were determined in the blood serum of subjects with two extreme variants of eating disorders: obesity and anorexia nervosa (in its clinical model, long-term starvation). The results of the study showed that obese patients had initially higher endotoxin concentrations (2.41 ± 0.11 vs 1.13 ± 0.05 EU/mL in the control), which significantly decreased as a result taking a course of orlistat or after starvation (for no longer than 20 days) (to 1.34 ± 0.04 and 1.01 ± 0.09 EU/mL, respectively). The decrease in the endotoxin serum level was associated with an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and a decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). This allowed us to assume that the complex of the latter with the endotoxin is the LDL fraction that may function as a depot of the hydrophobic form of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the bloodstream. Long-term starvation (starting from day 20) led to the appearance of symptoms characteristic of septic states, which was preceded by a twofold increase in the concentration of the endotoxin and antibodies against the enterobacterial common antigen and subsequent increase in the level of anti-glycolipid antibodies (from 133.2 ± 2.6 to 355.6 ± 15.0 optical density arbitrary units) starting from day 25?C27 of starvation, which is characteristic for the initial phase of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome.     

Association between polymorphisms of eNOS and GPx-1 genes, activity of free-radical processes and in-stent restenosis

Our aim was to examine correlations between polymorphisms in five antioxidant enzymes genes, activity of free-radical processes, and the risk of restenosis after coronary artery stenting with bare metal stents (BMS). A total of 101 male patients who underwent intracoronary stenting using BMS and coronary angiography follow-up of 6 months were enrolled in: group with in-stent restenosis (n = 44) and without restenosis (n = 57). The content of lipoperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes, and genotypes polymorphisms of the CAT gene (?262C/T), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) gene (163T/A and 575A/G), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (298G/T (rs#1799983) and ?786T/C), GPx-1 gene (599C/T (rs#1050450)), and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP) gene (313A/G) were determined. In carriers of the minor allele of 599C/T polymorphism of the GPx-1 gene, activity of GPx in erythrocytes was lower by 17 % than in wild allele homozygotes, while the content of lipoperoxides in LDL was higher by 74 %. T-allele of 599C/T polymorphism of the GPx-1 gene (OR = 2.9; 95 % CI: 1.23–6.82) and T-allele of 298G/T polymorphism of the eNOS gene (OR = 2.79; 95 % CI: 1.17–6.66) were associated with the risk of in-stent restenosis. Minor alleles of polymorphisms 298G/T of the eNOS gene and 599C/T of the GPx-1 gene are associated with an increased risk of in-stent restenosis. Minor allele of the GPx-1 gene 599C/T polymorphism leads to a decrease of the GPx activity and increase of the activity of free-radical processes.     

Possibilities of radiologic methods (ultrasonography, computed tomography) in the preoperative evaluation of intramural invasion of gastric cancer

By analyzing the findings in 72 patients with gastric cancer, the authors show the potentialities of noninvasive techniques of radiation diagnosis (transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative evaluation of the T-stage of gastric cancer. Ultrasound and computed tomographic semiotics of intramural invasion of gastric carcinoma is made. Ultrasonography was found to have the highest specificity in detecting early-stage gastric cancers prior to computed tomography. In the authors' opinion, a complex use of the data obtained by these techniques reveals the degree of invasion of gastric carcinoma and its extent with high precision. Transabdominal USG and CT should rank with the initial methods used for diagnosing gastric cancer. Transabdominal USG should be most expediently used as an initial technique of the above studies, by taking into account its wide accessibility, easiness-to-use, and lack of radiation load.     

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residue levels in water,sediment and aquatic weeds in the Nyando River catchment,Lake Victoria,Kenya

Samples of water, sediments and aquatic weeds were collected from 26 sites in the Nyando River catchment of the Lake Victoria basin in 2005–2006. The objective was to investigate levels of organochlorine pesticides that have either been banned or are restricted for use in Kenya. The pesticides investigated were lindane, aldrin, endosulfan, endrin, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor and methoxychlor. These pesticides had previously found wide applications in public health and agriculture in Kenya for control of disease vectors and crop pests respectively. Results showed that mean concentrations were highest for methoxychlor (8.817 ± 0.020?µg l^?1) in water, sediments (92.893 ± 3.039 µg kg^?1), and weeds (39.641 ± 3.045?µg kg^?1), the weeds also tended to accumulate aldrin (15.519 ± 3.756?µg kg^?1). The results show that the pesticides are still in use and are detected in the catchment. Stringent management and public awareness measures are required to enforce the ban on the organochlorine pesticides in order to safeguard the environment and ecosystems of Lake Victoria.