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排序方式: 共有86条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology, size-distribution, concentration and genome size of virus-like particles (VLPs) in two acetate-fed Methanosaeta-dominated reactors to better understand the possible correlation between viruses and archaeal hosts. The study reactors were dominated by a single genus of acetoclastic methanogen, Methanosaeta, which was present at 6 to 13 times higher than the combined bacterial populations consisting of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Epifluorescent microscopy showed VLPs concentration of 7.1 ± 1.5×107 VLPs/ml and 8.4 ± 4.3×107 VLPs/ml in the two laboratory reactors. Observations of no detectable import of VLPs with the reactor feed combined long operational time since the last inocula were introduced suggests that the VLP populations were actively propagating in the reactors. Transmission electron microscopy images showed VLPs with morphology consistent with Siphoviridae in both reactors, and VLPs with morphologies consistent with Myoviridae in one of the reactors. The morphology, size-distribution and genome size of VLPs were distinct between reactors suggesting that unique viral populations inhabited each reactor, though the hosts of these VLPs remain unclear. 相似文献
42.
Rafael Grytz Günther Meschke Jost B. Jonas 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2011,10(3):371-382
The biomechanics of the optic nerve head is assumed to play an important role in ganglion cell loss in glaucoma. Organized
collagen fibrils form complex networks that introduce strong anisotropic and nonlinear attributes into the constitutive response
of the peripapillary sclera (PPS) and lamina cribrosa (LC) dominating the biomechanics of the optic nerve head. The recently
presented computational remodeling approach (Grytz and Meschke in Biomech Model Mechanobiol 9:225–235, 2010) was used to predict
the micro-architecture in the LC and PPS, and to investigate its impact on intraocular pressure–related deformations. The
mechanical properties of the LC and PPS were derived from a microstructure-oriented constitutive model that included the stretch-dependent
stiffening and the statistically distributed orientations of the collagen fibrils. Biomechanically induced adaptation of the
local micro-architecture was captured by allowing collagen fibrils to be reoriented in response to the intraocular pressure–related
loading conditions. In agreement with experimental observations, the remodeling algorithm predicted the existence of an annulus
of fibrils around the scleral canal in the PPS, and a predominant radial orientation of fibrils in the periphery of the LC.
The peripapillary annulus significantly reduced the intraocular pressure–related expansion of the scleral canal and shielded
the LC from high tensile stresses. The radial oriented fibrils in the LC periphery reinforced the LC against transversal shear
stresses and reduced LC bending deformations. The numerical approach presents a novel and reasonable biomechanical explanation
of the spatial orientation of fibrillar collagen in the optic nerve head. 相似文献
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Sacha AFT van Hijum Richard JS Baerends Aldert L Zomer Harma A Karsens Victoria Martin-Requena Oswaldo Trelles Jan Kok Oscar P Kuipers 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):1-10
Background
Visualising the evolutionary history of a set of sequences is a challenge for molecular phylogenetics. One approach is to use undirected graphs, such as median networks, to visualise phylogenies where reticulate relationships such as recombination or homoplasy are displayed as cycles. Median networks contain binary representations of sequences as nodes, with edges connecting those sequences differing at one character; hypothetical ancestral nodes are invoked to generate a connected network which contains all most parsimonious trees. Quasi-median networks are a generalisation of median networks which are not restricted to binary data, although phylogenetic information contained within the multistate positions can be lost during the preprocessing of data. Where the history of a set of samples contain frequent homoplasies or recombination events quasi-median networks will have a complex topology. Graph reduction or pruning methods have been used to reduce network complexity but some of these methods are inapplicable to datasets in which recombination has occurred and others are procedurally complex and/or result in disconnected networks.Results
We address the problems inherent in construction and reduction of quasi-median networks. We describe a novel method of generating quasi-median networks that uses all characters, both binary and multistate, without imposing an arbitrary ordering of the multistate partitions. We also describe a pruning mechanism which maintains at least one shortest path between observed sequences, displaying the underlying relations between all pairs of sequences while maintaining a connected graph.Conclusion
Application of this approach to 5S rDNA sequence data from sea beet produced a pruned network within which genetic isolation between populations by distance was evident, demonstrating the value of this approach for exploration of evolutionary relationships. 相似文献45.
JS Agerholm O Andersen MB Almskou C Bendixen J Arnbjerg GP Aamand US Nielsen F Panitz AH Petersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(3):133
To investigate the congenital complex vertebral malformation syndrome (CVM) in Holstein calves, two breeding studies were
performed including 262 and 363 cows, respectively. Cows were selected from the Danish Cattle Database based on pedigree and
insemination records. Selected cows were progeny of sires with an established heterozygous CVM genotype and pregnant after
insemination with semen from another sire with heterozygous CVM genotype. Following calving the breeders should state, if
the calf was normal and was requested to submit dead calves for necropsy. In both studies, significantly fewer CVM affected
calves than expected were obtained; a finding probably reflecting extensive intrauterine mortality in CVM affected foetuses.
The findings illustrate increased intrauterine mortality as a major potential bias in observational studies of inherited disorders. 相似文献
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47.
Ganesh Kumar Veeramachaneni K Kranthi Raj Leela Madhuri Chalasani Sai Krishna Annamraju Bondili JS Venkateswara Rao Talluri 《Bioinformation》2015,11(12):535-542
Increase in obesity rates and obesity associated health issues became one of the greatest health concerns in the present world
population. With alarming increase in obese percentage there is a need to design new drugs related to the obesity targets. Among
the various targets linked to obesity, pancreatic lipase was one of the promising targets for obesity treatment. Using the in silico
methods like structure based virtual screening, QikProp, docking studies and binding energy calculations three molecules namely
zinc85531017, zinc95919096 and zinc33963788 from the natural database were reported as the potential inhibitors for the pancreatic
lipase. Among them zinc95919096 presented all the interactions matching to both standard and crystal ligand and hence it can be
further proceeded to drug discovery process. 相似文献
48.
R Martin DS Buchan JS Baker J Young N Sculthorpe FM Grace 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(4):307-313
The present study examined the physiological impact of a school based sprint interval training (SIT) intervention in replacement of standard physical education (SPE) class on cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) and glucose homeostasis during the semester following summer vacation. Participants (n=49) were randomly allocated to either intervention (SIT; n=26, aged 16.9 ± 0.3 yrs) or control group who underwent standard physical education (SPE; n=23, aged 16.8 ± 0.6 yrs). CRF (VO2max) and glucose homeostasis were obtained prior-to and following 7 weeks of SIT exercise. Significant group x time interaction was observed for CRF (P < 0.01) with non-significant trends for fasting insulin (P= 0.08), and HOMA-IR (P=0.06). CRF decreased (P < 0.01) in SPE such that POST intervention CRF was significantly lower (P< 0.05) in SPE. Fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01), insulin (P< 0.01) and HOMA-IR (P< 0.01) increased significantly amongst SPE. The main finding of the present study is that 7-weeks of SIT exercise is an effective method of maintaining (but not improving) CRF and fasting insulin homeostasis amongst school-going adolescents. SIT exercise demonstrates potential as a time efficient physiological adjunct to standard PE class in order to maintain CRF during the school term. 相似文献
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