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181.
182.
183.
Magne Kaldhusdal Merete Hofshagen Atle Løvland Haakon Langstrand Keith Redhead 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1999,24(3):337-343
The effect of Clostridium perfringens challenge, number of challenge days, and pre-challenge antibiotic treatment on the induction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens raised on litter was studied, and the relationship between bacterial counts and frequency of gut lesions was evaluated. Specific intestinal lesions in randomly selected birds were present despite a lack of disease-specific mortality. Challenge, number of challenge days and frequency of lesions were associated with median counts of C. perfringens. The effect of pre-challenge C. perfringens counts and antibiotics cannot be evaluated unless procedures for the control of pre-challenge infection and methods for the differentiation between wild-type and challenge strains are established. 相似文献
184.
Karsten Buschard Troels Bock Charlotte R. Pedersen Susanne V. Hansen Kim Aaen Merete J?rgensen Michael W?llike Hansen Troels W. Kjaer Ida Hageman Knud Josefsen 《Experimental diabetes research》2000,1(1):1-8
The aim of the study was to investigate whether
various beta-cell stimulatory drugs, given neonatally,
influence the incidence of diabetes in BB rats.
Newborn BB rats were treated twice daily for 6 days
and diabetes development was observed during the
following 200-day study period. Compared to a
diabetes incidence of 63.8% in 163 control BB rats
which received saline or were untreated, the percentage
of experimental BB rats that developed diabetes
was as follows in the different subgroups: arginineglucose:
47% (n= 73, p < 0.02); glucagon: 37% (n =
93, p < 0.0001); tolbutamide-glucose: 36% (n = 58,
p < 0.0005); and theophylline-glucose: 39% (n = 41,
p < 0.005). A long-term arginine-glucose treatment
was not superior to the shorter neonatal treatment.
Histological examination revealed a higher degree of
insulitis in diabetic than in non-diabetic animals
but no difference according to the kind of treatment
was observed. Finally, we found that the diabetes
incidence in BB rats was higher in the first litter
compared to subsequent litters (p = 0.04). Thus,
neonatal treatment with various beta-cell stimulatory
agents reduces diabetes incidence in BB rats.
The theory behind the study, that the treatment
accelerates beta-cell maturation leading to increased
immunological tolerance towards beta cells, is
discussed. 相似文献
185.
Robert Hume Jeanne Bell David Cossar Merete Giles Anne Hallas Rodney Kelly 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1996,32(1):24-29
Summary Human fetal lung at 16–19 weeks gestation has a partially differentiated epithelium, and in organ culture, distal airsacs
dilate and the epithelium autodifferentiates to type I and II pneumatocytes, processes regulated by endogenous prostaglandin
PGE2. Human fetal trachea, at the same gestation, has a terminally differentiated mucociliary epithelium but after 4–6 d in organ
culture, develops squamous metaplasia. Tracheal cultures restricted to 3 d have normal phase-contrast and light microscopy
appearances and immunohistochemical reactivities (epithelium: cytokeratin 7,8,18; glutathione S-transferase pi-isozyme; epithelial
membrane antigen and mesenchyme; desmin; vimentin). In human fetal trachea organ cultures, the predominant prostaglandins
released are 6-keto-PGF1α, PGF2α, and PGE2, a pattern similar to that previously described for human adult trachea and lung. In fetal lung cultures, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α is the major prostaglandin released with lesser amounts of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PFG2α, PGF2α, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1α. Human fetal lungin vitro has the competence to self-differentiate, as early as 12 weeks gestation and presence of high levels in fetal lung of the
inactive metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 relative to PGE2 suggests that active prostaglandin catabolism may be one of the mechanisms to retard this stage of maturationin vivo by limiting PGE2 availability. Surprisingly, the profile of prostaglandins released from fetal lung organ culture does not change to that
of a mature lung with terminal differentiation of the epithelium, and this may indicate differences in the expression of key
prostaglandin-metabolizing enzymes in developing human fetal lung in culture and within utero ontogeny. 相似文献
186.
Merete Hallenstvet Richard Buchecker Gunner Borch Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen 《Phytochemistry》1977,16(5):583-585
Racemic γ-ionone, partly resolved via its menthydrazone, was used for total synthesis of β,γ-carotene enriched in the 6′R and 6′S enantiomers. By CD correlation with natural β,γ-carotene isolated from Caloscypha fulgens 6′S-chirality is demonstrated for the natural carotene. Biosynthetic implications regarding the cyclization reaction are discussed. 相似文献
187.
Low-molecular-weight products from the degradation of pure cellulose in 0.3–0.65M sodium carbonate or hydrogencarbonate at 300° have been identified by g.l.c-m.s. Both the aqueous residual phase and the floating-oil product phase were examined, and contained essentially the same compounds, which were further characterized by the trifluoroacetyl derivatives. They consisted primarily of unsaturated aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and furans. Specifically identified were cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, phenol, cresols, 2-ethyl- cyclopentanone, 2- or 3-methylcyclopentanone, 2,5-dimethyl-2- cyclopentenone, acrolein, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, and octene. Probably present were 2,4-dimethylfuran, 2,5-diethylfuran, ethylmethylfuran, 4-octyne, and decyne. The formation of these compounds demonstrates not only the degradation of cellulose but the resynthesis of molecules with carbon-chain lengths greater than 6 atoms. 相似文献
188.
189.
Merete Høgaas Eide Thomas Ohlsson 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1998,3(4):209-215
Two different methods for Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) applied to the dairy industry was performed at two dairies. In the simplified
method, total environmental loads from a dairy was registred and allocated to liquid milk. Energy and emissions are measured
for each process step for the detailed method. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The simplified method captures
all energy and emissions of dairy processing, but treats the dairy as a “black box”. The energy consumption was found to be
1, 27 MJ/1 and 2,55 MJ/1 for the two dairies. By use of the detailed method it is easy to “loose” information, and it is very
time consuming. The energy consumption was lower than for the simplified method. The environmental loads can on the other
hand be divided on the different process steps. The main conclusion is that choice of method depends on the purpose of the
LCA-study. 相似文献
190.
Merete Nordentoft Thomas Munk Laursen Esben Agerbo Ping Qin Eyd Hansen H?yer Preben Bo Mortensen 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》2004,329(7460):261
Objective To study the change in risk of suicide among patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.Design Nested case-control design with linked data.Setting 4 longitudinal Danish registers.Participants 18 744 people aged up to 75 years who committed suicide in 1981-97 individually matched with 20 controls.Results Over the time studied the reduction in suicide rate among patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorder was similar to that seen in the general population (incidence rate ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.03). The reduction among patients with other psychosis in the schizophrenia spectrum was faster than the reduction seen in the general population. Among people admitted to hospital with schizophrenia the risk of suicide was highest in the first year after first admission, and the excess risk was largest in the younger age groups—that is, the risk decreased per year for every additional year of age.Conclusion The suicide rate among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders has fallen. This may be due to better psychiatric treatment, reduced access to means of suicide, or improvements in treatment after suicide attempts. 相似文献