海岸带综合管理及其研究进展

协调海岸带区域综合承载力与经济社会可持续发展的关系,加强和实施海岸带综合管理(ICZM)和可持续发展战略是当今政府与社会各界关注的热点。海岸带综合管理需要多部门协作配合,综合运用社会、经济、环境、法律等多方面技术实现科学的海岸带管理。根据当前发展趋势,海岸带综合管理进展可归纳为:人文与自然过程变化与海岸带响应;基于不同目标的海岸带规划;海岸带综合管理的评价;新技术与方法应用;利益冲突与关系协调;生态关键区保护与管理;政策与法规制定与调整。在综述海岸带综合管理的发展历程的基础上,探讨了海岸带综合管理的展望。     

利用RAPD标记构建美洲黑杨×欧美杨分子标记连锁图谱

本文利用RAPD标记和美洲黑杨(Populusdeltoides)×欧美杨(P.euramericana)的F1 群体 ,构建了美洲黑杨×欧美杨的分子标记连锁图谱。实验过程中对1040个寡核苷酸随机引物进行了重复筛选 ,共选出127个引物用于作图群体(包括双亲共92个无性系)的随机扩增 ,这127个引物产生229个多态基因座 ,其中符合“拟测交”1∶1分离的有214个。利用多点连锁分析 ,形成19个连锁群及6个三连体和14个连锁对。由19个连锁群构成的图谱含标记129个 ,总图距为1914 2cM ,覆盖杨树基因组约73 62 %。标记间的平均间距为14 84cM。本研究获得了中等密度的美洲黑杨×欧美杨的一个连锁框架。     

ANKRD49 promotes the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via a P38/ATF‐2 signalling pathway

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most challenging neoplasm to treat in clinical practice. Ankyrin repeat domain 49 protein (ANKRD49) is highly expressed in several carcinomas; however, its pattern of expression and role in LUAD are not known. Tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry, χ ² test, Spearman correlation analysis, Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank test, and Cox''s proportional hazard model were used to analyse the clinical cases. The effect of ANKRD49 on the LUAD was investigated using CCK‐8, clonal formation, would healing, transwell assays, and nude mice experiment. Expressions of ANKRD49 and its associated downstream protein molecules were verified by real‐time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and/or immunofluorescence analyses. ANKRD49 expression was highly elevated in LUAD. The survival rate and Cox''s modelling analysis indicated that there may be an independent prognostic indicator for LUAD patients. We also found that ANKRD49 promoted the invasion and migration in both in in vitro and in vivo assays, through upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 activities via the P38/ATF‐2 signalling pathway Our findings suggest that ANKRD49 is a latent biomarker for evaluating LUAD prognosis and promotes the metastasis of A549 cells via upregulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in a P38/ATF‐2 pathway‐dependent manner.     

蚜虫性信息素

蚜虫属同翅目蚜总科,是重要的农作物害虫。蚜虫长年行孤雌生殖,在中、高纬度深秋时,产生性蚜,以卵越冬。雌性蚜分泌性信息素荆芥内酯(nepetalactone)和荆芥醇(nepetalactol)。该文综述了蚜虫性信息素的结构与组分、性腺的形态结构、性信息素释放及影响因素;性信息素对雌性母和天敌的引诱作用;性信息素在蚜虫种间隔离中的地位和作用以及蚜虫性信息素在蚜虫防治中的应用前景。     

Direct effects of nitrogen addition on seed germination of eight semi‐arid grassland species

Seed germination plays an important role in mediating plant species composition of grassland communities under nitrogen (N) enrichment. Shifts of plant community structure with N‐enhanced deposition in terrestrial ecosystems have occurred globally. Despite numerous studies about the effects of enhanced N deposition on mature plant communities, few studies have focused on seed germination. Using a laboratory experiment, we report the effects of five N concentrations, including 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mM N (NH₄NO₃) on seed germination of eight semi‐arid grassland species. Results showed that low N concentrations (5‐ and 20‐mM N) promoted mean final germination proportion of all eight species by 4.4% and 6.4%, but high concentrations (40 mM N) had no effect. The mean germination rate was decreased 2.1% and 5.1% by higher N concentration (20‐ and 40‐mM N) levels, but germination start time showed the opposite trend, delayed by 0.7, 0.9, and 1.8 d for the 10, 20, and 40 mM N treatments. Final germination proportion, mean germination rate, and germination start time were significantly different among species in response to N concentration treatments. The final germination proportion of Allium tenuissimum and Chenopodium glaucum were suppressed by increased N concentration, whereas it increased for Potentilla bifurca, Plantago asiatica, and Setaria viridis. Our findings provide novel insights into N deposition‐induced species loss based on seed germination factors in semi‐arid grassland communities.     

Involvement of kindlin‐2 in irisin’s protection against ischaemia reperfusion‐induced liver injury in high‐fat diet‐fed mice

Liver steatosis is associated with increased ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies have shown that irisin, an exercise‐induced hormone, mitigates I/R injury via binding to αVβ5 integrin. However, the effect of irisin on I/R injury in steatotic liver remains unknown. Kindlin‐2 directly interacts with β integrin. We therefore suggest that irisin protects against I/R injury in steatotic liver via a kindlin‐2 dependent mechanism. To study this, hepatic steatosis was induced in male adult mice by feeding them with a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD). At 12 weeks after HFD feeding, the mice were subjected to liver ischaemia by occluding partial (70%) hepatic arterial/portal venous blood for 60 minutes, which was followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Our results showed HFD exaggerated I/R‐induced liver injury. Irisin (250 μg/kg) administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated liver injury, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in HFD‐fed mice. However, kindlin‐2 inhibition by RNAi eliminated irisin''s direct effects on cultured hepatocytes. In conclusion, irisin attenuates I/R injury in steatotic liver via a kindlin‐2 dependent mechanism.     

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对外来植物入侵反馈机制的研究进展

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在植物群落竞争演替、物种多样性的形成及群落空间分布格局、植物群落对全球变化的响应中均起着重要的调节作用;同样也能影响外来植物与本地植物的互作,影响外来植物入侵过程中植物群落演替进程,甚至决定入侵的成败。因此,AMF与外来植物共生及其对外来植物入侵的反馈已成为国际上外来植物入侵机制研究的一个热点。本文基于外来植物的入侵过程,从AMF对外来植物生长、外来植物与本地植物竞争关系的影响,以及外来植物入侵对AMF的影响及AMF对入侵的反馈3个方面综述了AMF对外来植物入侵的反馈机制。外来植物可以通过多种途径改变土著AMF的群落结构和功能,而土著AMF也能直接或间接地改变甚至逆转外来植物与入侵地植物的互作关系。未来的研究不仅需要考虑AMF与外来植物共生的菌根特性和对竞争关系的影响,还需要通过大尺度条件下的野外试验及室内补充试验深入探究影响AMF在外来植物与本地植物竞争演替中的作用的生物和非生物因子,以全面解释AMF影响外来植物入侵的反馈机制。     

静电场处理对垂枝樱花插穗生根及相关生理生化特性的影响

以垂枝樱花为材料,设置1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0kV/cm共4种场强的静电场处理,分析静电场对垂枝樱花插穗生根性状及相关生理、生化特性的影响,探讨静电场促进垂枝樱花插穗生根的机制。结果显示:(1)1.5～4.5kV/cm场强的静电处理能显著提高插穗的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量,且4.5kV/cm处理的增幅最大,峰值时比对照分别增加43%和44.1%;(2)1.5～4.5kV/cm场强的静电场处理能显著提高插穗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性,且4.5kV/cm处理的效果最明显,与对照相比增幅和降幅最大时分别达到58.9%和17.5%;(3)3.0、4.5kV/cm的静电场处理均能够显著提高插穗的平均单株生根数、根系平均长度、单株根鲜重、根系活力以及插穗成活率,且4.5kV/cm处理的增幅最大,与对照相比分别增加了127.4%、29.2%、88.9%、107.1%、116.3%。研究表明,静电场处理可以有效调节垂枝樱花插穗的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量以及POD、IAAO的活性,能显著提高插穗的扦插成活率,其最佳静电场场强为4.5kV/cm。