中国近海牡蛎系统分类研究的现状和对策

探讨了中国近海沿岸牡蛎分类的诸多疑难和热点问题,回顾了国内外包括贝类等动物的分子系统发生学研究的主要进展,分析了中国近海牡蛎系统分类目前存在的问题,重点阐述了利用分子标记等手段解决形态相似种的鉴定和种系发生关系等问题的巨大潜力,报道了利用分子标记进行牡蛎分类研究所取得的最新进展。预期经典分类学和分子系统发生学研究的交叉综合,将大力推动中国近海牡蛎的系统分类和系统发生研究的发展。     

北京城区花粉致敏植物种类、分布及物候特征

为了解北京城区花粉致敏植物的种类、分布格局和物候特征,结合文献调研及专家访问,对北京5环以内的花粉致敏植物进行了调查.结果表明:1)北京城区五环内共有致敏花粉植物19科32属99种,其中北京本地种52种,占总数的52.5%,国内其他地区引进种和国外引进种各占总数的26.3%和21.2%;2)北京城区32属花粉致敏植物以北温带成分为主,占40.6%,其次是世界性分布与泛热带分布;3)公园内的花粉致敏植物种数最多,行道树种中花粉致敏植物的比例最高.北京城区各功能区中花粉强致敏草本的盖度,从大到小的顺序是城市废弃地>体育中心及机关单位>道路绿地>公园>居民区>学校>广场;4)北京城区木本花粉致敏植物的花期主要集中在3—4月,草本在7—9月.     

Toward the active conformation of insulin: stereospecific modulation of a structural switch in the B chain

How insulin binds to the insulin receptor has long been a subject of speculation. Although the structure of the free hormone has been extensively characterized, a variety of evidence suggests that a conformational change occurs upon receptor binding. Here, we employ chiral mutagenesis, comparison of corresponding d and l amino acid substitutions, to investigate a possible switch in the B-chain. To investigate the interrelation of structure, function, and stability, isomeric analogs have been synthesized in which an invariant glycine in a beta-turn (Gly(B8)) is replaced by d- or l-Ser. The d substitution enhances stability (DeltaDeltaG(u) 0.9 kcal/mol) but impairs receptor binding by 100-fold; by contrast, the l substitution markedly impairs stability (DeltaDeltaG(u) -3.0 kcal/mol) with only 2-fold reduction in receptor binding. Although the isomeric structures each retain a native-like overall fold, the l-Ser(B8) analog exhibits fewer helix-related and long range nuclear Overhauser effects than does the d-Ser(B8) analog or native monomer. Evidence for enhanced conformational fluctuations in the unstable analog is provided by its attenuated CD spectrum. The inverse relationship between stereospecific stabilization and receptor binding strongly suggests that the B7-B10 beta-turn changes conformation on receptor binding.     

卵泡抑素相关蛋白的病理生理功能

卵泡抑素相关蛋白(follistatin related protein,FRP)是一种细胞外基质糖蛋白,该蛋白参与细胞增殖、迁移、组织重塑、胚胎发育、细胞间相互作用及多种病理生理过程.近年研究显示,该蛋白同时具有抑制细胞凋亡和抑制细胞增殖的双重功能:在心肌缺血的动物模型中,FRP被证实有保护心肌细胞、抗凋亡、促进内皮细胞增殖等功能;FRP也可由血管平滑肌细胞合成分泌,并具有反馈调节平滑肌细胞功能的作用,该蛋白还可抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hipposideros pratti</Emphasis>) and cross-species amplification in closely related taxa

We developed nine microsatellite loci using an enriched library method from the genomic DNA of Pratt’s leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros pratti). These loci were tested on 96 individuals sampled from Sichuan Province, China. The number of alleles per locus varied from 4 to 14. The expected and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.513 to 0.886 and from 0.375 to 0.966, respectively. Three microsatellite loci departed significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). No linkage disequilibrium was found. These microsatellite loci will be used in studies of conservation genetics in this species.     

单鼻孔-蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的体会

目的：探讨经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除手术的效果。方法：应用单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除22例垂体瘤患者。结果：22例患者手术均顺利进行并于术后3月均获随访,全切除14例,次全切除5例,部分切除3例。结论：经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微切除垂体瘤属于微侵袭及功能保护性手术,符合现代神经外科的发展方向,严格把握适应症及禁忌症,完善手术技巧是提高手术效果的关键。     

LC-MS/MS determination of helicid in human plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic studies

Helicid is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat headache and insomnia with definite effects. To facilitate pharmacokinetic studies of helicid in man, a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative detection of helicid in human plasma was developed and validated. The method involved the addition of bergeninum as the internal standard (IS), protein precipitation, HPLC separation, and quantification by MS/MS system using negative electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The precursor→product ion transitions were monitored at m/z 282.8→120.9 for helicid and m/z 326.9→192.2 for the IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.2 μg/L. The calibration curves for helicid was linear over a concentration range of 0.2-20 μg/L. The intra- and inter-batch analyses of QC samples at 0.4, 2, 20 μg/L indicated good precision (%R.S.D. between 2.69 and 5.47%) and accuracy (between 96.15 and 105.05%). The helicid was stable in human plasma stored at room temperature for at least 24h, 4°C for at least 24h, -20°C for at least 1 month, and for routine three freeze-thaw cycles. This accurate and specific assay provides a useful method for evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile of helicid in humans.     

Seroprevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in pregnant women in China: an observational study

Background

We investigated the seropositive rates and persistence of antibody against pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus (pH1N1) in pregnant women and voluntary blood donors after the second wave of the pandemic in Nanjing, China.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Serum samples of unvaccinated pregnant women (n = 720) and voluntary blood donors (n = 320) were collected after the second wave of 2009 pandemic in Nanjing. All samples were tested against pH1N1 strain (A/California/7/2009) with hemagglutination inhibition assay. A significant decline in seropositive rates, from above 50% to about 20%, was observed in pregnant women and voluntary blood donors fifteen weeks after the second wave of the pandemic. A quarter of the samples were tested against a seasonal H1N1 strain (A/Brisbane/59/2007). The antibody titers against pH1N1 strain were found to correlate positively with those against seasonal H1N1 strain. The correlation was modest but statistically significant.

Conclusions and Significance

The high seropositive rates in both pregnant women and voluntary blood donors suggested that the pH1N1 virus had widely spread in these two populations. Immunity derived from natural infection seemed not to be persistent well.