皂荚皂甙提取工艺的研究

研究了以皂荚为原料,对传统有机溶剂提取与水提取和超临界CO2萃取三萜皂甙进行了比较,得出水最适合提取皂荚皂甙;水提工艺部分,在单因素实验的基础上采用正交设计实验优化工艺,得出提取皂荚皂甙的最佳工艺。     

植物液泡膜阳离子/H+反向转运蛋白结构和功能研究进展

阳离子转运蛋白在调节细胞质阳离子浓度过程中发挥关键作用。液泡是一个储存多种离子的重要细胞器,阳离子 (Ca2+)/H+反向转运蛋白CAXs定位在液泡膜上,主要参与Ca2+向液泡的转运,也参与其他阳离子的转运。近年来,植物中分离鉴定了多个CAX基因,植物CAXs主要有4个功能域：NRR通过自抑制机制调节Ca2+转运活性,CaD和C功能域分别赋予CAXs的Ca2+和Mn2+专一性转运活性,D功能域可调节细胞质pH。拟南芥AtCAXs参与植物的生长发育和胁迫适应过程,AtCAX3主要在盐胁迫下转运Ca2+,At     

海南猕猴岭自然保护区海南锥+黄牛木群落特征研究

采用样地调查法,对海南猕猴岭自然保护区海南锥+黄牛木（Castanopsis hainanensis Merr.+Cratoxylum cochinchinense（Lour.）Blume）群落的植物区系组成、结构特征和物种多样性进行研究。结果显示：（1）在2500 m²样地中,有维管束植物39科73属85种;种子植物区系以热带性质为主。（2）生活型以高位芽为主,占94.12%;叶级以中型叶为主,占71.76%。（3）优势种群处于增长阶段;群落物种频度等级分布为A > C > B > E > D。（4）群落物种丰富度指数为9.85,均匀度指数为0.74,Simpson指数为0.95,Shannon-Wiener指数为3.29;优势种群的优势地位明显,但幼苗更新不足,群落均匀度和多样性指数较低,应加强就地保护力度。     

重组人干细胞因子在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

含信号肽的可溶性人干细胞因子（ｈＳＣＦ）ｃＤＮＡ 基因重组于杆状病毒转移载体ｐＶＬ９４１ 中,重组转移载体ｐＶＬ９４１ＳＣＦ与野生型苜蓿夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＮＰＶ）ＤＮＡ 共转染草地夜蛾细胞Ｓｆ９ 后,通过体内同源重组构建了重组病毒ＡｃＮＰＶＳＣＦ。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交表明重组病毒基因组中含有ｈＳＣＦ基因片段。重组病毒感染单层Ｓｆ９ 细胞后,表达产物分泌到胞外培养液中。用ＭＴＴ 比色法和ＴＦ１ 细胞株测定表达产物与ＩＬ３ 的协同效应,测得感染重组病毒的培养细胞第三天表达量为１９７０ ｕｎｉｔｓ／ｍ Ｌ培养液。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 分析可见分子量为１８ ×１０３ 、２０ ×１０３ 和２２ ×１０３ 三条带。     

双歧杆菌体外对Caco-2的黏附及其表面性质分析

【目的】体外测定双歧杆菌的黏附能力并对其表面性质进行分析。【方法】利用Caco-2细胞作为黏附模型体外测定七株菌的黏附能力,同时分析其自动聚集能力和表面疏水性,通过采用不同酶及化学物质处理双歧杆菌菌体细胞表面初步确定双歧杆菌细胞表面黏附相关化合物的类型,并对双歧杆菌表面蛋白进行电泳分析。【结果】自动聚集能力和表面疏水性均高的双歧杆菌菌株,其黏附能力高于自动聚集能力和表面疏水性均低的菌株,表现出明显的正相关。此外,受试菌株的黏附能力对蛋白酶和高碘酸钠敏感,利用LiCl对菌体表面蛋白进行提取后,其黏附能力明显下降,SDS-PAGE结果表明LiCl提取物中含有分子量大小不等的多个蛋白。【结论】双歧杆菌体外对Caco-2细胞的黏附具有菌株特异性,其黏附能力与表面疏水性质和自动聚集能力相关,此外,推测双歧杆菌表面可能含有能调节其黏附的糖蛋白类物质。     

Spontaneous development of Alzheimer's disease‐associated brain pathology in a Shugoshin‐1 mouse cohesinopathy model

Spontaneous late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) accounts for more than 95% of all human AD. As mice do not normally develop AD and as understanding on molecular processes leading to spontaneous LOAD has been insufficient to successfully model LOAD in mouse, no mouse model for LOAD has been available. Existing mouse AD models are all early‐onset AD (EOAD) models that rely on forcible expression of AD‐associated protein(s), which may not recapitulate prerequisites for spontaneous LOAD. This limitation in AD modeling may contribute to the high failure rate of AD drugs in clinical trials. In this study, we hypothesized that genomic instability facilitates development of LOAD and tested two genomic instability mice models in the brain pathology at the old age. Shugoshin‐1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient (?) mice, a model of chromosome instability (CIN) with chromosomal and centrosomal cohesinopathy, spontaneously exhibited a major feature of AD pathology; amyloid beta accumulation that colocalized with phosphorylated Tau, beta‐secretase 1 (BACE), and mitotic marker phospho‐Histone H3 (p‐H3) in the brain. Another CIN model, spindle checkpoint‐defective BubR1^?/+ haploinsufficient mice, did not exhibit the pathology at the same age, suggesting the prolonged mitosis‐origin of the AD pathology. RNA‐seq identified ten differentially expressed genes, among which seven genes have indicated association with AD pathology or neuronal functions (e.g., ARC, EBF3). Thus, the model represents a novel model that recapitulates spontaneous LOAD pathology in mouse. The Sgo1^?/+ mouse may serve as a novel tool for investigating mechanisms of spontaneous progression of LOAD pathology, for early diagnosis markers, and for drug development.     

Utilization of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum Signals for Growth by a Soil Pseudomonad and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are employed by several Proteobacteria as quorum-sensing signals. Past studies have established that these compounds are subject to biochemical decay and can be used as growth nutrients. Here we describe the isolation of a soil bacterium, Pseudomonas strain PAI-A, that degrades 3-oxododecanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC12HSL) and other long-acyl, but not short-acyl, AHLs as sole energy sources for growth. The small-subunit rRNA gene from strain PAI-A was 98.4% identical to that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the soil isolate did not produce obvious pigments or AHLs or grow under denitrifying conditions or at 42°C. The quorum-sensing bacterium P. aeruginosa, which produces both 3OC12HSL and C4HSL, was examined for the ability to utilize AHLs for growth. It did so with a specificity similar to that of strain PAI-A, i.e., degrading long-acyl but not short-acyl AHLs. In contrast to the growth observed with strain PAI-A, P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 growth on AHLs commenced only after extremely long lag phases. Liquid-chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry analyses indicate that strain PAO1 degrades long-acyl AHLs via an AHL acylase and a homoserine-generating HSL lactonase. A P. aeruginosa gene, pvdQ (PA2385), has previously been identified as being a homologue of the AHL acylase described as occurring in a Ralstonia species. Escherichia coli expressing pvdQ catalyzed the rapid inactivation of long-acyl AHLs and the release of HSL. P. aeruginosa engineered to constitutively express pvdQ did not accumulate its 3OC12HSL quorum signal when grown in rich media. However, pvdQ knockout mutants of P. aeruginosa were still able to grow by utilizing 3OC12HSL. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the degradation of AHLs by pseudomonads or other γ-Proteobacteria, of AHL acylase activity in a quorum-sensing bacterium, of HSL lactonase activity in any bacterium, and of AHL degradation with specificity only towards AHLs with long side chains.     

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) and ENSO indices: implication for its medium- and long-term forecast

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices from January of two years previously to the current June was investigated to make long-term forecast. The teleconnection results were as follows: ENSO indices which were significantly correlated with the early immigration of BPH were primarily sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in N3, N4 and N3.4 regions, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Significant ENSO indices from two years and one year before the immigration events had a proportion of about 84%, while those in the current year only accounted for 16.7%. There was significantly negative correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region from two years before to the previous spring, whereas there was significantly positive correlation between these two factors during the period from the previous winter to the current spring. The significant correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region in the last summer and autumn did not show any obvious tendencies. The relationship between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and the early immigration of BPH was opposite to that between the immigration and SSTA in each Nino region. The above mentioned significant ENSO indices were used as key factors to build forecasting models for the early immigration of BPH by step-wise multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 12 integrated forecasting models were obtained, which could make predictions 3–27 months ahead and had a predictive accuracy of 88.9%.