构建全细胞生物传感器测定农田土壤中有机磷农药甲基对硫磷含量

土壤中污染物的生物有效性评估对于准确评价环境污染风险至关重要,而全细胞生物传感器是此类评估的重要工具之一。本研究旨在使用新型全细胞生物传感器建立土壤中甲基对硫磷(methyl parathion,MP)的检测方法。首先,使用筛选出的甲基对硫磷水解酶基因(methyl parathion degrading gene,mpd)和pUC19质粒骨架以及已有的特异性诱导元件pobR为材料,构建全细胞生物传感器。然后,以96孔的酶标板为载体和以5种全细胞生物传感器为指示细胞,建立了土壤提取液样品中甲基对硫磷的分析方法,并应用于实际测试和田间土壤样品中甲基对硫磷的检测。以检测性能的最佳大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α/pMP-AmilCP为例,其检测限为6.21−6.66μg/L,线性范围为10−10000μg/L。E.coli DH5α/pMP-RFP和E.coli DH5α/pMP-AmilCP的方法用于分析土壤提取液样品中甲基对硫磷的浓度,具有较好的检测性能。这种全细胞生物传感器方法有助于快速评估土壤中甲基对硫磷的生物有效性强弱,从而有效判断有机磷农药甲基对硫磷对土壤的污染风险。     

烟草品种、育苗方式和烟蚜来源对烟蚜茧蜂寄生能力的影响

【目的】本研究旨在筛选出适合烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis寄生烟蚜Myzus persicae的烟草品种、育苗方式和烟蚜来源,为烟蚜茧蜂人工繁殖和复壮提供科学参考。【方法】采用盆栽法,调查了不同烟草品种(云烟87、K326、翠碧1号和红花大金元)繁殖烟蚜若蚜、不同来源烟蚜(来自烟区、来自非烟区和室内繁殖种群)若蚜和烟草不同育苗方式(土壤育苗和湿润育苗)繁殖烟蚜若蚜时,烟蚜茧蜂成蜂对烟蚜若蚜的寄生率以及成蜂羽化率、寿命、体型大小和雌蜂比。【结果】结果表明,不同烟草品种繁殖烟蚜若蚜对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率存在显著影响。其中,在红花大金元和翠碧1号繁殖烟蚜上的烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率分别比在K326繁殖烟蚜上的烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率高19.00%和14.00%,但对烟蚜茧蜂的其他指标没有显著影响;不同烟蚜来源对烟蚜茧蜂寄生率也存在显著影响,其中,烟蚜茧蜂成蜂对非烟区烟蚜若蚜和烟区烟蚜若蚜的寄生率比对室内繁殖种群烟蚜若蚜的寄生率分别高20.25%和16.75%,但对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的羽化率、寿命、体型大小和雌蜂比没有显著影响;烟草不同育苗方式对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的寄生率无显著影响。【结论】烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜...     

Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Cucumis sativus Cultivars to Different Combinations of Low-Temperature and High Humidity

Low-temperature and high humidity are typical environmental factors in the plastic tunnel and solar greenhouse during the cold season that restricts plant growth and development. Herein, we investigated the impact of different combinations of low-temperature and high humidity (day/night: T1 15/10 °C?+?95%, T2 12/8 °C?+?95%, and T3 9/5 °C?+?95%) along with a control (CK 25/18 °C?+?80%) on cucumber cultivars viz: Zhongnong37 (ZN37: resistant) and Shuyanbailv (SYB: sensitive). The low-temperature and high humidity stresses increased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide (Ci), and reduced morphological indices, relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E) and leaf pigments in both cultivars as compared to control (CK). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were decreased in cv. SYB under stress conditions as compared to cv. ZN37. Low-temperature and high humidity treatments showed an increase in proline and soluble protein content in cv. ZN37 as compared to cv. SYB. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were augmented while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellic acid (GA) were decreased in both cultivars. Under T3 (9/5 °C?+?95%), Pn, protoporphyrin, and ZT were extremely decreased by 71.3%, 74.3%, and 82.4%, respectively, in cv. SYB compared to control. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) based on physiochemical traits confirmed that cv. ZN37 had the strongest correlation with antioxidant enzymes, proline, and soluble protein content than cv. SYB under low-temperature and high humidity treatments. Our results suggest that a stress-tolerant cultivar mitigates stress damage in cucumber transplants by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant capacity and hormonal profile when compared to a stress-sensitive cultivar.

     

经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL控制工业循环水中有害微生物的研究

研究了经济杀菌灭藻剂OACL对异氧菌、硫酸盐还原菌和铁细菌的杀菌作用。结果表明,在实验室条件下,其杀菌率平均为99％以上,在pH5和pH7时分别为97.8％和88％。而在现场投药试验条件下为92％以上。可以认为,OACL是一种新型的、经济的高效杀菌灭藻剂。     

Triterpenoids from Meehania fargesii with Cytotoxic Activity1

In the investigation of Meehania fargesii, eighteen triterpenoids were isolated and identified, including a previously unknown compound with an 13,27-cycloursane skeleton, using techniques like 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-MS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these compounds were evaluated against HCT116, MCF-7, and AGS cell lines using the CCK-8 method to examine their structure–activity relationship. Remarkably, compounds 13 and 16 exhibited higher cytotoxicity across all three cell lines compared to the positive drug. Western blot analysis revealed that these compounds activated apoptosis in HCT116 cells by promoting the Bax protein and inhibiting the Bcl-2 protein. This suggests that compounds 13 and 16 have potential as apoptosis-inducing agents in HCT116 cells.     

EXTRACTION,ASSAY AND SOME PROPERTIES OF FLORIDOSIDE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE FROM PORPHYRA PERFORATA (RHODOPHYTA)1

A suitable method for extraction of floridoside phosphate synthase (FPS, UDP-galactose: sn-3-glycerol phosphate: 1→2′α-D-galactosyl transferase)from Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was developed. Two assay methods for enzyme activity were utilized, one measuring the amount of floridoside formed by using gas-liquid chromatography, the other measuring the sn-3-glycerol phosphate-dependent formation of UDP; both assays gave similar results. FPS is a soluble protein, and FPS activity in the extract as determined by the amount of product formed in vitro compared well with the in vivo rate of floridoside synthesis (4–7 μMmol product formed·h^?1·g^?1 fresh wt). The rate of product formation in vitro was linear up to 45 min and proportional to protein concentration in the assay mixture. The temperature optimum was 30–35° C. FPS was active over a range of pH values from 7.0–8.5. It was stable in concentrated solutions in the presence of 0.3 M ammonium sulfate, but activity was lost in diluted solution (protein concentration below 0.2 mg·mL^?1) or below 0.2 M ion strength. The data suggest that FPS may be an oligomeric protein which occurs free in the cytoplasm or loosely bound to a membrane. It may also be a regulatory protein controlling the overall rate of synthesis of floridoside in vivo.