Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to aspermatogenic antigen in experimental allergic orchitis in the guinea-pig

Guinea-pigs were immunized with a defined and highly potent aspermatogenic antigen, G75m, and the occurrence of orchitis was correlated with (1) cell-mediated immune response to G75m, determined by lymph node cell proliferation and by secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by peritoneal exudate cells, and (2) humoral antibodies to G75m and to cell surface antigens of guinea-pig testicular cells, by radioimmunometric assays. A consistent temporal relationship between cell-mediated immune responses and disease was found: lymph node cell proliferation was positive by Day 4, followed 3 days later by maximum secretion of MIF, and orchitis lesions were manifest on Day 10. In contrast, maximal IgG antibodies to G75m or to the surface antigens of spermatozoa/testicular cells were detected at a time when cell-mediated immune responses and active testicular lesions had subsided. In individual animals, lymph node cell proliferation increased with severity of orchitis, while MIF secretion by peritoneal cells increased with orchitis only late in the disease. Early in disease, MIF response showed a negative correlation with orchitis. Moreover, peritoneal injection of oil reduced the incidence of early lymph node cell proliferative responses, and delayed the onset of testicular disease. These findings are consistent with competition between different inflammatory sites for recently antigen-activated T lymphocytes. We conclude that (1) the development of orchitis correlates with cell-mediated immune responses to purified aspermatogenic antigens but not with IgG antibody responses, and (2) when the same animal is used to assess different aspects of cellular immunity and autoimmune disease, one study may significantly influence the other.     

黑腹果蝇P转座因子研究 Ⅰ.我国黑腹果蝇的P-M测定及其地理分布

采用性腺败育(GD不育)作为标准检定方法。对我国20个地方的黑腹果蝇的P因子活性和细胞型进行了测定。结果表明我国北部沿海城市为Q型;南部沿海和内地皆为M型。各地的M品系所产生的GD不育能力各不相同,但表现出与地理位置相关的梯度变化。这一变化规律为研究我国黑腹果蝇的P因子起源及P和M品系的形成提供了重要的理论依据。     

Apolipoprotein A-I metabolism in subjects with a PstI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoA-I gene and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia

Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (hypoalpha), characterized by a decreased high density lipoprotein level, is associated with an increased incidence of premature cardiovascular disease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA has detected a polymorphism for the PstI restriction endonuclease near the apoA-I gene, with either a 2.2 or a 3.3 kb fragment. The latter has been previously found to occur with significantly higher frequency in probands of families with familial hypoalpha. ApoA-I was isolated from three unrelated subjects with familial hypoalpha and the 3.3 kb PstI polymorphism of the apoA-I gene, and from normal control subjects. The apoA-I from the hypoalpha subjects was structurally normal as determined by amino acid analysis and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When normal apoA-I and hypoalpha apoA-I were simultaneously injected into either normal controls or hypoalpha subjects, both forms of apoA-I were catabolized at the same rate in the same subject, indicating that the hypoalpha apoA-I is also metabolically normal. Analysis of the kinetics of metabolism of apoA-I in the hypoalpha subjects, compared to the normal controls, revealed that the reduced plasma levels of apoA-I were due to an increased apoA-I fractional catabolic rate, and that the synthetic rate was normal. Based on these results, we conclude that the apoA-I gene in these hypoalpha subjects is normal, and the PstI polymorphism near the apoA-I gene, which is associated with familial hypoalpha, is likely to be a marker for a mutant gene closely linked to, but not in, the apoA-I gene.     

菘蓝多倍体育种的研究

本文报道药用植物菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Foft.)同源四倍体的诱发、鉴定、选育的研究。用0.05-0.5％浓度的秋水仙碱水溶液处理萌发的种子,或用0.05-0.3％浓度的此溶液处理幼苗的生长点,均可以获得四倍体植株。最适宜的处理时间为6-12小时。除用直接的细胞学技术鉴定多倍体植株外,一些重要的间接鉴定特征,如叶表皮保卫细胞中叶绿体数,花粉沟数可作为鉴定本种多倍体植株的可靠指标。比较了四倍体植株和二倍体亲本的生物学特性。经过数代选育,获得了性状稳定、繁殖力正常、根与叶中活性成分均有较大幅度提高、生产性能良好的品系。     

黑曲霉糖化酶高产和低产菌株糖化酶基因调控区的克隆及其分析比较

以PCR合成的糖化酶高产菌株黑曲霉(Asp. Niger)T21糖化酶基因5’近端非编码区588bp(EcoRI-BamHI)的序列为探针,从T21染色体DNA中克隆到近2.0kb的糖化酶基因5’端非编码区序列,并以此序列为探针从糖化酶低产菌株黑曲霉3.795(T21的诱变出发株)的染色体DNA中克隆到1.5kb的糖化酶基因5’端非编码区序列。该二序列的分析测定结果表明,其结构特征与文献报道的黑曲霉糖化酶基因5’端非编码区的基本一致,被称为“核心启动子”(Core promoter)的TATAAAT框及GCAAT框,分别在翻译起始点的-109bp及-178bp处。此外,在曲霉amdS,amyB基因中已发现有调控功能的CCAAT序列存在于-449bp和-799bp处。高产和低产菌株糖化酶基因5’端非编码区序列的分析比较结果表明,有9个部位的碱基发生了变化。此实验结果为进一步研究黑曲霉糖化酶基因在转录水平上的调控规律打下了基础。