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排序方式: 共有240条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Daniel S. Moran Uri Eliyahu Yuval Heled Shabtai Rabinovitz Jay Hoffman Menachem Margaliot 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):539-542
A ‘double-container model’ was used for core temperature (Tc) measurement by microwave emission radiometry (MR) of warm fluid inside a tube, placed in a container with a cooler fluid. The intensity of microwaves emitted from the warmer fluid inside the tube were measured using a MR metering device, consisting of an antenna linked to a low-noise radio frequency amplifier (bandwidth 500 MHz, centered at 4.0 GHz). Based on the MR measurements, a Tc prediction model was developed for measuring the temperature of fluid inside a tube, achieving a sensitivity of ±0.5 °C at environmental temperature of 33–37 °C. 相似文献
32.
Rosane Ness-Abramof Dan Nabriski Caroline M. Apovian Mark Niven Eliahu Weiss Menachem S. Shapiro Louis Shenkman 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(12):1217-1221
Objective: Reevaluation of the validity of the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST) as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome in obese patients. Research Methods and Procedures: Eighty-six obese patients (body mass index, 30 to 53 kg/m2) that were referred to a general endocrine outpatient clinic for evaluation of simple obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, polycystic ovary disease, or pituitary tumor. One milligram dexamethasone was administered orally at 11:00 pm , and serum cortisol levels were measured the following morning between 8:00 am and 9:00 am . Suppression of serum cortisol to <80 nM (3 μg/dL) was chosen as the cut-off point for normal suppression. Patients with serum cortisol levels ≥80 nM were evaluated for Cushing's syndrome. Results: Suppression of morning cortisol levels to <80 nM occurred in 79 of the 86 obese patients. Seven patients had serum cortisol levels higher than 80 nM; five were eventually diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome and two were considered false positive results in view of normal 24-hour free urinary cortisol and normal suppression on a low dose dexamethasone suppression test (0.5 mg of dexamethasone every 6 hours for 2 days). We found a false positive rate of 2.3% for the ODST using a cut-off serum cortisol of 80 nM. Discussion: The ODST is a valid screening test for Cushing's syndrome in the obese population. The false positive rate was 2.3%, even when using a strict cut-off serum cortisol of 80 nM. Abnormal cortisol suppression in obese patients should be investigated and not be considered false positive results. 相似文献
33.
The Lamm equation has been solved numerically for conditions corresponding to equilibrium runs for a nonlinear concentration dependence of the form s/s0 = (1 + kc)?1. It is shown that the approach to equilibrium is very close to being exponential (in time) as in the case k = 0. We also compare results for the nonlinear case given above with results obtained for linear c-dependence of the form s/s0 = 1 – kc. For relatively high speeds the time required to attain equilibrium may be greatly underestimated by use of the latter approximation. Finally, we present analytic approximations for the concentration distribution at equilibrium and as a function of time. 相似文献
34.
Elinor Ben‐Menachem Mette Axelsen Else Helleb Johanson Anna Stagge Ulf Smith 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2003,11(4):556-562
Objective: We examined predictors of weight loss with topiramate, an anticonvulsant associated with weight loss in adults. Research Methods and Procedures: In this uncontrolled, prospective clinical trial, topiramate was added to existing anticonvulsants in adults (40 to 110 kg) with partial‐onset seizures. Primary measurements were change from baseline weight after 3 months and 1 year in patients completing 1 year of topiramate treatment (N = 38). Physiological and metabolic measures were analyzed for correlation with weight loss during topiramate treatment. Results: In patients who completed 1 year of topiramate treatment, baseline weight was reduced in 82% at 3 months and in 86% at 1 year. Mean body weight was reduced 3.0 kg (3.9% of baseline) at 3 months and 5.9 kg (7.3%) at 1 year. In obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2], mean weight loss was 4.2 kg (4.3%) at 3 months and 10.9 kg (11.0%) at 1 year. Weight loss was primarily caused by reduction in body fat mass. For all patients, weight loss at 3 months correlated most strongly with reduced caloric intake (p = 0.02). At 1 year, caloric intake had returned to baseline levels; weight loss correlated most strongly with higher baseline BMI (p = 0.0007). Discussion: Our results suggest that weight loss occurs in most adults treated with topiramate and is sustained for at least 1 year. Reduced caloric intake may account, in part, for weight loss during early treatment. The pattern of weight loss differs according to baseline BMI, with obese patients experiencing greater weight loss during continued therapy. 相似文献
35.
Menachem Kaufman David Bloch Naomi Zurgil Yana Shafran Mordechai Deutsch 《Journal of computational biology》2005,12(7):1014-1028
The issue of multiparametric analysis of complex single cell assays of both static and flow cytometry (SC and FC, respectively) has become common in recent years. In such assays, the analysis of changes, applying common statistical parameters and tests, often fails to detect significant differences between the investigated samples. The cluster pattern similarity (CPS) measure between two sets of gated clusters is based on computing the difference between their density distribution functions' set points. The CPS was applied for the discrimination between two observations in a four-dimensional parameter space. The similarity coefficient (r) ranges between 0 (perfect similarity) to 1 (dissimilar). Three CPS validation tests were carried out: on the same stock samples of fluorescent beads, yielding very low r's (0, 0.066); and on two cell models: mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and apoptosis induction in Jurkat T cell line by H2O2. In both latter cases, r indicated similarity (r < 0.23) within the same group, and dissimilarity (r > 0.48) otherwise. This classification and algorithm approach offers a measure of similarity between samples. It relies on the multidimensional pattern of the sample parameters. The algorithm compensates for environmental drifts in this apparatus and assay; it also may be applied to more than four dimensions. 相似文献
36.
Multiple growth- and differentiation-inducing polypeptide factors bind to and activate transmembrane receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs), to instigate a plethora of biochemical cascades culminating in regulation of cell fate. We concentrate on the four linear mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and highlight organizational and functional features relevant to their action downstream to RTKs. Two cellular outcomes of growth factor action, namely proliferation and migration, are critically regulated by MAPKs and we detail the underlying molecular mechanisms. Hyperactivation of MAPKs, primarily the Erk pathway, is a landmark of cancer. We describe the many links of MAPKs to tumor biology and review studies that identified machineries permitting prolongation of MAPK signaling. Models attributing signal integration to both phosphorylation of MAPK substrates and to MAPK-regulated gene expression may shed light on the remarkably diversified functions of MAPKs acting downstream to activated RTKs. 相似文献
37.
Irit Zohar Miriam Belmaker Dani Nadel Sarig Gafny Menachem Goren Israel Hershkovitz Tamar Dayan 《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》2008,258(4):292-316
This study is designed to determine the extent to which taphonomic processes alter the taxonomic composition of fish remains in lacustrine sediments. We wish to explore information loss in a bone assemblage relative to the original, living community. We examined fish bone assemblages from lacustrine sediments along the southern shore of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) and compared them to modern living communities. For this purpose we randomly selected 24 squares, each 0.5 m2 in size, and excavated them to a depth of 30–50 cm. Three lithofacies were recovered, spanning the past 1500 years (unccorected for reservoir age). The fish remains include 5037 bones and 758 scales, of which 1566 bones were identified to taxonomic group. The list of identified species was compared with the list of indigenous species known to live in Lake Kinneret in general and in a similar sandy habitat in particular. The proportion of skeletal elements found was compared with the proportion known in a complete fish. Our study indicates that differences exist between the three lithofacies in species diversity and composition, skeletal element richness, completeness, and relative abundance. In addition, the bones exhibit a clumped distribution pattern, regardless of depositional depth. From a taphonomic and paleoecological perspective, our findings demonstrate that fish remains retrieved from lacustrine sediments do not represent the composition and diversity of species as in the recent fish community. 相似文献
38.
Lihie Ben-Avraham Levin Esther Nachliel Menachem Gutman Yossi Tsfadia 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2009,326(1-2):29-33
The fatty acid binding proteins (FAPBs) function as intracellular carriers of fatty acid (FA) and related compounds. During the digestion of lipids, the local concentration of FA exceeds their critical micellar concentration; the excess ratio of FA/FABP can be as high as ~1,000/1, consequently building micelles. Considering that the micelle formation is a rapid process, the FABP must be able to remove the mini-micelle. In this study, we describe the results of molecular dynamics simulations of liver basic FABP (Lb-FABP), carried out in the presence of ~20 mM palmitate ions, all in the presence of explicit water and at ionic strength of ~100 mM, approximating physiological conditions. The Lb-FABP appears to react, along with a free FA, with mini-micelle creating a stable complex (on the time scale of the simulations), which is attached to the anti-portal domain of the protein. The complex may be formed by the stepwise addition of free FA or through the interaction of a pre-formed mini-micelle with the free protein. The driving force of the mini-micelle-FABP complex is a combination of electrostatic attraction between the negative carboxylates of the mini-micelle with the positive charge of the N terminal amine residues and Lennard-Jones FA–protein interactions. The preferred tendency of the mini-micelle to react with the anti-portal domain retains the α-helixes of the portal region free for its electrostatic interaction with the membrane, ensuring a rapid unloading of the cargo on the membrane. 相似文献
39.
Pfeiffer-Guglielmi B Francke M Roski C Hanani M Reichenbach A Hamprecht B 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(5):876-883
Glycogen represents the major brain energy reserve though its precise functions are still under debate. Glycogen has also
been found in different cell types of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the largest and most complex component of the peripheral
nervous system. In the present work we have demonstrated, by application of isozyme-specific antibodies, the presence of isozymes
of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), one of the major control sites in glycogen metabolism, in the rat ENS. Immunohistochemistry
revealed that isoform BB (brain) is the predominant isozyme expressed in enteric glial cells (EGC) and rare neurons of the
myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Isoform MM (muscle) appears in cells which are, according to their location and morphology,
probably interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). In addition, both GP isoforms are expressed in longitudinal and circular intestinal
smooth muscle layers. As GP BB is mainly regulated by the cellular AMP level, a special function of glycogen in the energy
supply of neural gut functions is suggested. 相似文献
40.
Powers RW Jeyabalan A Clifton RG Van Dorsten P Hauth JC Klebanoff MA Lindheimer MD Sibai B Landon M Miodovnik M;Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network 《PloS one》2010,5(10):e13263