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61.
EARLY STARVATION1 specifically affects the phosphorylation action of starch‐related dikinases
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Irina Malinova Harendra Mahto Felix Brandt Shadha AL‐Rawi Hadeel Qasim Henrike Brust Mahdi Hejazi Joerg Fettke 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,95(1):126-137
Starch phosphorylation by starch‐related dikinases glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) is a key step in starch degradation. Little information is known about the precise structure of the glucan substrate utilized by the dikinases and about the mechanisms by which these structures may be influenced. A 50‐kDa starch‐binding protein named EARLY STARVATION1 (ESV1) was analyzed regarding its impact on starch phosphorylation. In various in vitro assays, the influences of the recombinant protein ESV1 on the actions of GWD and PWD on the surfaces of native starch granules were analyzed. In addition, we included starches from various sources as well as truncated forms of GWD. ESV1 preferentially binds to highly ordered, α‐glucans, such as starch and crystalline maltodextrins. Furthermore, ESV1 specifically influences the action of GWD and PWD at the starch granule surface. Starch phosphorylation by GWD is decreased in the presence of ESV1, whereas the action of PWD increases in the presence of ESV1. The unique alterations observed in starch phosphorylation by the two dikinases are discussed in regard to altered glucan structures at the starch granule surface. 相似文献
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Nutrient Leaching and End Product Accumulation in Plastic Composite Supports for L-(+)-Lactic Acid Biofilm Fermentation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Investigations on the leachate bioavailability, leaching rate, and lactic acid accumulation properties of plastic composite supports (PCS) were essential for large-scale or long-term lactic acid fermentation. Leachates from PCS and polypropylene discs (controls) were analyzed by the micro-Kjeldahl method; by absorbances at 260, 275, and 280 nm; and by bioassays with Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (ATCC 11443). The amount of leached nitrogen in a 20-ml initial soaking solution had a high correlation with the soaking solution's cell density (r = 0.87) and absorbance at 260 nm (r = 0.95). Leaching rates of various PCS were evaluated by 20 20-ml simulated repeated-batch fermentations (RBF). PCS with only yeast extract as the minor agricultural ingredient had a high leaching rate and leached out 51 to 60% of the total nitrogen during the first RBF. PCS blended with dried bovine albumin, dried bovine erythrocytes, and/or soybean flour had slowed nutrient leaching (20 to 30% of the initial leached nitrogen). Hence, they could still maintain 1 g of lactic acid per liter and measurable cell density (absorbance at 620 nm, 0.4 to 0.6) at the 20th 20-ml RBF. Lactic acid accumulation properties of PCS were evaluated by soaking the supports in a 30% lactic acid solution for 72 h at 45(deg)C. The lactic acid-soaked supports were rinsed three times and then heat treated (121(deg)C, 15 min) in 15 ml of deionized water. The results showed that lactic acid accumulation in PCS was mainly due to absorption and had no correlation with lactic acid production or biofilm formation. 相似文献
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The final activity of the alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1, abbreviated ADH) from germinating pea, isolated by fractionating with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration, was 80,000, from bean 25,000 and from lentil 13,500 units per mg protein. Molecular weights of the ADHs are close to each other: pea and bean ADH 60,000, lentil ADH 70,000. The Km values are mutually similar with three enzymes, i.e. of the order of 10−4M for NAD and 10−2M for ethanol. The pH optima lie in the alkaline region. These enzymes catalyse oxidation of a number of monovalent alcohols. At temperatures above 60°C the enzymes are thermally unstable. Stability is enhanced slowly by ethanol but not by NAD. Pyrazol, imidazol and pyridine inhibit plant ADH similarly to the enzyme from horse liver. There is a similarity between plant alcohol dehydrogenases and animal and yeast enzymes. 相似文献
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Kumar AB Anderson JM Melendez AL Manetsch R 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2012,22(14):4740-4744
A library of 1,3-disubstituted 2-propanols was synthesized and evaluated as low molecular weight probes for β-secretase inhibition. By screening a library of 121 1,3-disubstituted 2-propanol derivatives, we identified few compounds inhibiting the enzyme at low micromolar concentrations. The initial hits were optimized to yield a potent BACE-1 inhibitor exhibiting an IC(50) constant in the nanomolar range. Exploration of the pharmacological properties revealed that these small molecular inhibitors possessed a high selectivity over cathepsin D and desirable physicochemical properties beneficial to cross the blood-brain barrier. 相似文献
68.
Superoxide dismutase B gene (sodB)-deficient mutants of Francisella tularensis demonstrate hypersensitivity to oxidative stress and attenuated virulence
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Bakshi CS Malik M Regan K Melendez JA Metzger DW Pavlov VM Sellati TJ 《Journal of bacteriology》2006,188(17):6443-6448
A Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain mutant (sodB(Ft)) with reduced Fe-superoxide dismutase gene expression was generated and found to exhibit decreased sodB activity and increased sensitivity to redox cycling compounds compared to wild-type bacteria. The sodB(Ft) mutant also was significantly attenuated for virulence in mice. Thus, this study has identified sodB as an important F. tularensis virulence factor. 相似文献
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Lance B. Price Cindy M. Liu Johan H. Melendez Yelena M. Frankel David Engelthaler Maliha Aziz Jolene Bowers Rogan Rattray Jacques Ravel Chris Kingsley Paul S. Keim Gerald S. Lazarus Jonathan M. Zenilman 《PloS one》2009,4(7)