促髓细胞分化的锌指基因单向PCR扩增直接测序的研究

锌指基因是一种造血调节基因,编码锌指结构蛋白,主要在髓细胞中表达,促进髓细胞分化,在急性早幼粒白血病维甲酸治疗中,促使病情缓解。本文报道了我们从基因分子上研究锌指基因作用中,探索并建立了单向聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ,直接测序的新方法。它能产生质和量均佳的单链ＤＮＡ,无需纯化即可直接用于测序,使复杂的测序研究简便易行,可在２,３天内完成。这种单向ＰＣＲ扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ直接测序的方法,经对锌指基因的ｃＤＮＡ测序,得到验证。此法不仅适用于疾病研究中的ＤＮＡ测序,还可制各单链ＤＮＡ探针,更利于基因结构组成的研究。     

Effect of extracellular K+ on hatching and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts in vitro.

The dependence of blastocyst development on the extracellular Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was investigated in an in vitro system. Hatching and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts was enhanced at Na⁺/K⁺ ratios between 3 and 10 compared to the ratio of about 25 typical for most culture media and serum. At a Na⁺/K⁺ ratio of 2, blastocyst hatching and outgrowth were inhibited. The requirement of blastocyst development for relatively high extracellular K⁺ concentrations agrees with the fact that K⁺ concentrations in oviduct and uterine secretions are higher than in serum. The findings can also be relevant in optimizing in vitro culturing techniques for blastocysts.     

Avicularin alleviates acute liver failure by regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathways to reduce inflammation and ferroptosis

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an inflammation-mediated hepatocyte death process associated with ferroptosis. Avicularin (AL), a Chinese herbal medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective effect of AL and the mechanism on ALF have not been reported. Our in vivo results suggest that AL significantly alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatic pathological injury, liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and iron levels and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (malondialdehyde and glutathione). Our further in vitro experiments demonstrated that AL suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via blocking the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Moreover, AL attenuated ferroptosis in D-GalN-induced HepG2 cells by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Therefore, AL can alleviate inflammatory response and ferroptosis in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF, and its protective effects are associated with blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. Moreover, AL is a promising therapeutic option for ALF and should be clinically explored.     

人胎肝细胞分泌的低分子抑瘤物对白血病细胞的抑制作用

本工作证明了在胎儿组织中存在一类低分子天然肿瘤抑制物,它是胎儿组织细胞生成和分泌的,对瘤株细胞和原代白血病细胞有选择性抑制作用。初发期或复发期急性非淋巴细胞白血病患者的骨髓在体外液体培养条件下与肝细胞上清及其甲醇提取物共同孵育4d,可使所有病例的骨髓AML—CFU降低到不可检出的程度。因而,低分子天然抑瘤物是天然肿瘤免疫中的一个组成部分,它在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中有着深远的意义。     

Phytoconstituents of Selaginella effusa Alston and Their α-Glucosidase as well as Urease Inhibitory Activities

Three new compounds ( 1 – 2 , 14 ), as well as 22 known compounds ( 3 – 13 , 15 – 25 ), were extracted for the first time from the Selaginella effusa Alston (S. effusa). For the unknown compounds, the planar configurations were determined via NMR and by high-resolution mass spectrometry, while their absolute configurations were determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and the configuration of the stereogenic center of biflavones 4 – 5 were established for the first time. The pure compounds ( 1 – 25 ) were tested in vitro to determine the inhibitory activity of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Compounds 1 – 9 inhibited α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.30±0.02 to 4.65±0.04 μM and kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition indicated that biflavones 1 – 3 were mixed-type α-glucosidase inhibitors. Compounds 12 – 13 showed excellent inhibitory activity against urease, with compound 12 (IC₅₀=4.38±0.31 μM) showing better inhibitory activity than the positive control drug AHA (IC₅₀13.52±0.61 μM). In addition, molecular docking techniques were used to simulate inhibitor-enzyme binding and to estimate the binding posture of the α-glucosidase and urease catalytic sites.     

Comparative analysis of 343 plastid genomes of Solanum section Petota: Insights into potato diversity,phylogeny, and species discrimination

Common potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its wild relatives belong to Solanum section Petota. This section's phylogeny and species delimitation are complicated due to various ploidy levels, high heterozygosity, and frequent interspecific hybridization. Compared to the nuclear genome, the plastid genome is more conserved, has a haploid nature, and has a lower nucleotide substitution rate, providing informative alternative insights into the phylogenetic study of section Petota. Here, we analyzed 343 potato plastid genomes from 53 wild and four cultivated species. The diversity of sequences and genomes was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 24 species were placed in a phylogenetic tree based on genomic data for the first time. Overall, our results not only confirmed most existing clades and species boundaries inferred by nuclear evidence but also provided some distinctive species clade belonging and the maternally inherited evidence supporting the hybrid origin of some species. Furthermore, the divergence times between the major potato clades were estimated. In addition, the species discriminatory power of universal barcodes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and whole and partial plastid genomes and their combinations were thoroughly evaluated; the plastid genome performed best but had limited discriminatory power for all survey species (40%). Overall, our study provided not only new insights into phylogeny and DNA barcoding of potato but also provided valuable genetic data resources for further systematical research of Petota.     

玉米种子萌发成苗不同阶段需水阈值的研究

用渗透势不同的聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）６０００模拟外界环境水分条件,对玉米不同品种的种子在萌动、萌发及成苗三个阶段需水的量化研究表明,种苗的抗旱性随吸水进程的推进而减弱;种子在萌动、萌发及胚芽伸长至一定长度的时间（ｔ）与外界环境水势（ｗ）之间存在着１／ｔ＝ａ＋ｂｗ的关系,据此推算出不同品种在不同成苗阶段的需水阈值,发现不同品种在同一成苗过程中对环境水分条件的反应不同,它们的抗旱性也不同。     

利用IL－3／GM－CSF融合蛋白（PIXY－321）扩增脐血造血细胞方法的初步建立

利用单克隆抗体免疫磁珠吸附方法分离脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞,并观察了ＩＬ３／ＧＭＣＳＦ融合蛋白（ＰＩＸＹ３２１）对脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞的刺激作用。ＰＩＸＹ３２１对脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞扩增作用大于ＩＬ３和ＧＭＣＳＦ单独及联合应用。在液体培养条件下,每毫升２０ｎｇＰＩＸＹ３２１可有效地扩增脐血造血祖细胞,适宜扩增时间为５－８天,扩增后造血祖细胞的数量可达扩增前的８－１０倍,从而初步建立了一种简单可行的脐血造血细胞扩增方法。