低剂量CO2激光对茄子,青椒叶绿体超微结构影响的初步观察

本试验用功率密度为825mw/cm~2的CO_2激光照射茄子干种子(含水量8.33％)13s、青椒干种子(含水量5.4％)3s,分别以Os为对照(ck)。照射后播于生长箱内,出苗10天分苗于玻璃温室内,于四叶期取样观察成熟叶片叶绿体的超微结构。发现激光照射处理的茄子、青椒的叶绿体的基质片层、基粒片层有明显的吸胀现象。     

用HPLC证实单糖在酸性处理中的变化

<正> 在碱性条件下,醛糖与酮糖之间会发生结构互变。然而美国学者Feather M S等经过十多年的研究,发现在酸性条件下,葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖之间也有分子内的互变,并应用~3H放射标记等技术,提出了互变的反应机理,这一互变的存在给寡糖及多糖的组份分析带来了一个问题,即用酸性条件水解寡糖或多糖后,如何确定其中的葡萄糖、甘露糖或果糖     

TaTPP-7A positively feedback regulates grain filling and wheat grain yield through T6P-SnRK1 signalling pathway and sugar–ABA interaction

Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F₂ genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar–ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source–sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops.     

Inhibitory role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome in non-small-cell lung cancer: microRNA-30b-5p,EZH2 and PI3K/AKT pathway

Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) exerts potential roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study elucidated the role of miR-30b-5p shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes in treating NSCLC. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with NSCLC-related miRNA microarray GSE169587 and mRNA data GSE74706 obtained for collection of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. The relationship between miR-30b-5p and EZH2 was predicted and confirmed. Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs and identified. BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-30b-5p were used to establish subcutaneous tumorigenesis models to study the effects of miR-30b-5p, EZH2 and PI3K/AKT signalling pathway on tumour growth. A total of 86 BMSC-exo-miRNAs were differentially expressed in NSCLC. Bioinfomatics analysis found that BMSC-exo-miR-30b-5p could regulate NSCLC progression by targeting EZH2, which was verified by in vitro cell experiments. Besides, the target genes of miR-30b-5p were enriched in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Animal experiments validated that BMSC-exo-miR-30b-5p promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis and prevented tumorigenesis in nude mice via EZH2/PI3K/AKT axis. Collectively, the inhibitory role of BMSC-derived exosomes-loaded miR-30b-5p in NSCLC was achieved through blocking the EZH2/PI3K/AKT axis.     

靶向RNA的CRISPR-Cas系统研究进展

CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated proteins)系统是细菌和古细菌抵抗噬菌体、质粒等外源遗传物质的一种适应性免疫系统,该系统利用一种特殊的RNA(CRISPR RNA,crRNA)指导的内切酶来切割与crRNA相互补的外源遗传物质,从而阻碍外源核酸的侵染。根据效应复合物组成形式的不同,CRISPR-Cas系统分为1类(Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型和Ⅲ型)和2类(Ⅱ型、Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型)两大类。目前已发现多个CRISPR-Cas系统具有非常强的特异靶向RNA编辑能力,如Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas13系统和Ⅲ型CRISPR-Cas7-11系统。随着研究的深入,相关系统在RNA编辑领域应用日渐广泛,使其成为基因编辑的有力工具。本文介绍了靶向RNA的CRISPR-Cas系统的组成、结构、分子机制以及其潜在应用,这为更好地研究该类系统的作用机制奠定基础,也为后期开发为稳定的基因编辑工具提供新的思路。     

珍稀濒危植物蒜头果种子萌发特征与幼苗类型的研究

以去除果皮后阴干的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果种子为材料,在温室大棚沙池内进行层积处理,从层积处理开始至子叶出土的不同萌发阶段,考察蒜头果种子发育形态、贮藏物质积累、酶活性以及幼苗类型等变化特征,初步探讨其种子休眠形成原因。结果显示：(1)蒜头果种子从解除休眠开始至萌发形成幼苗的过程约需195 d,其中幼胚的形态发育后熟约需75 d,随后30 d内是种子集中萌发的时期,其发芽率达到最高(53.33%);依据种胚发育形态的标志特征将此过程划分为7个阶段(S1～S7阶段):S1阶段种子未萌发,S2阶段种胚“露白”,S3阶段胚根突破种皮长超过1 cm, S4阶段下胚轴与胚根连接处形成弯钩结构,S5阶段“S”型胚形成及胚根前端膨大,S6阶段种子不仅具有膨大的胚根且已有侧根的分化,S7阶段子叶脱落,胚芽出土,真叶出现。(2)蒜头果种子在湿沙层积过程中,种胚胚长和胚率从S1阶段的(5.49±1.57)mm和(19.48±5.72)%分别增加至S6阶段的(67.92±2.94)mm和(240.75±15.29)%,胚率平均增加了12.4倍,显示蒜头果种子的胚需要经历后熟过程才能萌发,属于胚后熟型种子。(3)从...     

‘凤丹’牡丹PoKAS基因的克隆及表达分析

为探究‘凤丹’牡丹(Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’)PoKAS基因在脂肪酸合成中的功能,从转录组数据中获得3个PoKAS基因,克隆基因全长并进行生物信息学分析,通过qRT-PCR检测它们在牡丹落花后第23、45、75、100和125天时的表达。结果显示：(1)克隆得到的3个基因序列全长分别为1 401、1 692和1 215 bp,分别编码466、563和404 aa;保守结构域分析发现,它们都含有KAS保守结构域,属于cond-enzymes超蛋白家族。(2)系统进化树将三者分为三大类,表明其在进化上相对独立,分别命名为PoKASⅠ、PoKASⅡ和PoKASⅢ(GenBank登录号分别为OP056413、OP056412和OP056414)。(3)qRT-PCR分析发现,在牡丹落花后种子发育的5个时期中,PoKASⅠ和PoKASⅡ基因在落花后75 d和45 d时的表达量分别显著高于其他发育时期;PoKASⅢ基因在落花后45～125 d时的表达量均显著高于落花后23 d,说明PoKASⅢ基因在牡丹种子脂肪酸合成的整个过程中发挥着重要作用,而PoKASⅡ基因主要在种子油脂...     

Steel Anti-Corrosion Strategy Enables Long-Cycle Zn Anode

The progress of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is limited by the poor cycling life due to Zn anode instability, including dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and passivation. Inspired by the anti-corrosion strategy of steel industry, a compounding corrosion inhibitor (CCI) is employed as the electrolyte additive for Zn metal anode protection. It is shown that CCI can spontaneously generate a uniform and ≈30 nm thick solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Zn anode with a strong adhesion via Zn O bonding. This SEI layer efficiently prohibits water corrosion and guides homogeneous Zn deposition without obvious dendrite formation. This enables reversible Zn deposition and dissolution for over 1100 h under the condition of 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻² in symmetric cells. The Zn-MnO₂ full cells with CCI-modified electrolyte deliver an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.013% per cycle) at 0.5 A g⁻¹ over 1000 cycles. Such an innovative strategy paves a low-cost way to achieve AZBs with long lifespan.