丹参壮苗指数及其模拟模型

通过对丹参幼苗各数量性状及比值与幼苗质量的相关性分析,确定有代表性的可以反映幼苗质量的数量性状指标,同时结合关联度分析确定适于丹参幼苗的壮苗指数,并依据丹参壮苗指数与气温、光辐射和空气湿度的关系,建立了基于环境影响因子积的丹参幼苗壮苗指数模拟模型,再利用不同播期和试验地试验资料对模型进行检验.结果表明:根粗、茎粗、地上部干质量、根干质量和全株干质量等数量性状与其他性状相关性显著,而且性状稳定,容易测量,可以作为衡量壮苗的指标性状.丹参幼苗的壮苗指数=(茎粗/根粗+根干质量/地上部干质量)×全株干质量.其中,全株干质量、根干质量、地上部干质量和茎粗与壮苗指数的关联度较大,该壮苗指数可以较好地反映丹参幼苗质量.壮苗指数模型对丹参壮苗指数的预测值与实测值之间基于1∶1直线的R2=0.95,RMSE=0.15,模型能较为准确地反映实际壮苗指数与环境因子之间的定量关系.     

Anticancer drugs cause release of exosomes with heat shock proteins from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells that elicit effective natural killer cell antitumor responses in vitro

Failure of immune surveillance related to inadequate host antitumor immune responses has been suggested as a possible cause of the high incidence of recurrence and poor overall survival outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma. The stress-induced heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to act as endogenous "danger signals" that can improve tumor immunogenicity and induce natural killer (NK) cell responses. Exosome is a novel secretory pathway for HSPs. In our experiments, the immune regulatory effect of the HSP-bearing exosomes secreted by human hepatocellular carcinoma cells under stress conditions on NK cells was studied. ELISA results showed that the production of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 was up-regulated in both cell lines in a stress-specific manner. After exposure to hepatocellular carcinoma cell-resistant or sensitive anticancer drugs (hereafter referred to as "resistant" or "sensitive" anticancer drug), the membrane microvesicles were actively released by hepatocellular carcinoma cells, differing in their ability to present HSPs on the cell surface, which were characterized as exosomes. Acting as a decoy, the HSP-bearing exosomes efficiently stimulated NK cell cytotoxicity and granzyme B production, up-regulated the expression of inhibitory receptor CD94, and down-regulated the expression of activating receptors CD69, NKG2D, and NKp44. Notably, resistant anticancer drugs enhanced exosome release and generated more exosome-carried HSPs, which augmented the activation of the cytotoxic response. In summary, our findings demonstrated that exosomes derived from resistant anticancer drug-treated HepG2 cells conferred superior immunogenicity in inducing HSP-specific NK cell responses, which provided a clue for finding an efficient vaccine for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy.     

Wistar大鼠实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎病理探讨

目的研究缓解-复发型EAE大鼠的基本病理改变。方法对缓解-复发型EAE大鼠进行HE染色、Weil髓鞘染色和改良的Bielschowsky染色,以免疫组化方法标记GFAP和MMP-2、MMP-9。结果组织内可见多个血管周围淋巴细胞浸润呈袖套样分布,伴有大片状脱髓鞘,部分脱失的髓鞘内有炎细胞浸润,轴索呈空泡样缺失,GFAP染色证明在旧病灶的周围部分可见星形胶质细胞增生,MMP-2、MMP-9在血管内皮细胞、细胞外基质、炎细胞及脑(脊)膜内呈阳性表达。结论①缓解-复发型EAE大鼠的组织病理学改变与临床表现一致,有活动性和非活动性病灶并存的现象。②MMP-2、MMP-9在活动性病灶内表达,参与疾病的发生。③缓解-复发型EAE病理改变与MS相似,是理想的动物模型。     

真菌防御素plectasin研究进展

抗生素耐受现象日益严重,迫切需要研发新型抗菌药物。Plectasin是第一例报道的真菌防御素,其抗菌谱窄,仅对革兰氏阳性菌具有强大的杀菌活性,对其进行结构改造可进一步提高其抗菌作用特异性。Plectasin抗菌机制明晰,作用于细胞壁合成。其药物代谢动力学研究较为透彻,同时可在体外高产量表达且活性更高。这些研究为其应用提供了理论基础。综上,plectasin具有极大的临床应用潜力。     

117例医院真菌感染分析及预防

目的 了解佛山市南海人民医院真菌感染的分布,探讨有效预防和控制真菌感染的措施。方法 对该院117例真菌感染病例作回顾性分析。结果 3583例送检标本中真菌检出率为3．27％（117／3583）,医院内真菌感染率为2．95％（106／3583）。分离出真菌以白色念珠菌为主（70／117．59．8％）、热带念珠菌次之（17／117,14．5％）、霉菌居第3位（9／117．7．69％）。药敏显示：5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B和制霉素敏感率较高,分别为92．4％、93．3％和92．5％,咪康唑、酮康唑和益康唑敏感率较低．为52．0％、49．0％和36．0％。结论 医院内真菌感染占真菌感染绝大部分,感染真菌以白色念珠菌为主。感染部位以呼吸道为主;临床规范、合理使用广谱抗生素,加强消毒护理工作。是预防控制真菌感染发生的最有效措施。     

安徽省宁国县畲族红细胞血型分布

调查１６０名安徽省宁国县畲族村民的ＡＢＯ、Ｒｈ、Ｐ、ＭＮ系统红细胞血型,结果显示ＡＢＯ血型表型频率分布为Ｏ（０．４６８７）〉Ｂ（０．２３７５）〉Ａ（０．２２５０）〉ＡＢ（０．０６８８）,基因频率ｐ＝０．１５００,ｑ＝０．１５７５,ｒ＝０．６９２５;Ｒｈ血型表型频率分布为ＣＣｄｅｅ（０．５３８５）〉ＣＣＤＥ（０．１６６７）〉ＣｃＤＥ（０．１４７４）〉ＣｃＤｅｅ（０．０９６１）〉ｃｃＤＥ（０．０３２１     

国产血清半乳甘露聚糖检测试剂对侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断价值评估

目的：评估国产血清半乳甘露聚糖（Galactomannan,GM）检测试剂对侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断价值。方法根据血液病/恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌病的诊断标准与治疗原则（第四次修订版）[1]收集临床确诊侵袭性肺曲霉菌病（inva-sive pulmonary aspergillosis,IPA）、临床诊断IPA、拟诊IPA、排除IPA四组病例。采用天津贻诺琦公司酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）试剂检测纳入的86例患者血清标本的GM浓度,分析其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）。结果86例病例中,临床诊断27例、拟诊12例、排除47例。在3种不同的阳性判断标准下,敏感性：9444%、9630%、6296%;特异性：5625%、4576%、6441%;PPV：4474%、4483%、4474%;NPV：9643%、9643%、7917%。统计学分析证实标准1（即血清GM值〉095μg/L为阳性,〈075μg/L为阴性,075~095μg/L为灰区,未将灰区加入计算）在3种判断标准中最优,故选择其为最终判断标准。结论该血清GM检测试剂盒诊断性能较好,可以用于侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的辅助诊断。