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151.
152.
Lobanov AV Khokhlova ON Zaraĭskaia IIu Murashev AN 《Zhurnal vysshe? nervno? deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova》2008,58(1):98-110
The topical problem of experimental neurobiology is the development of pharmacological models to search for correlation between induced brain pathology and changes in behavioral phenotype. Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c) is an antiproliferative agent, exposure to which in the critical period of the embryonic formation of the cortex results in the abnormality of its development. This study was aimed at estimation of the somatic and sensorimotor aspects of the early postnatal maturatrion of behavioral acts in mice with developmental abnormalities of the cortex induced by Ara-c. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were injected with the substance on the 12.5th 13.5th gestation days. Offspring behavior was studied using a modified Fox battery on the 1st-21st postnatal days. Severe disorders of the sensorimotor development with slight somatic changes were revealed in the offsprings of Ara-c-treated mice. Features of these pathological changes point to a correlation between the developmental changes in behavioral phenotype and irregularities of the cortex formation. This experimental model can be applied to neurobiological and pharmacological studies. 相似文献
153.
154.
Zaraĭskiĭ AG 《Ontogenez》2001,32(1):3-13
This review is concerned with the structure and function of the protein products and homeobox genes of the HOX complex. We also trace a relationship between morphological evolution and the evolution of the homeotic complex. 相似文献
155.
156.
Zara V Ferramosca A Palmisano I Palmieri F Rassow J 《Journal of molecular biology》2003,325(2):399-408
Most mitochondrial preproteins carry a cleavable N-terminal presequence that mediates targeting to mitochondria and translocation across the mitochondrial membranes. In this study, we characterized the presequence of the citrate carrier (CIC, tricarboxylate carrier) of rat liver mitochondria. The CIC presequence was found to be dispensable both for targeting to mitochondria and insertion into the inner membrane. Unlike the presequence of the related phosphate carrier, fusion of the CIC presequence to the cytosolic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase did not confer mitochondrial targeting, indicating that the CIC presequence does not act as a targeting signal. However, the presequence was required to keep the CIC in a soluble state. Mature CIC lacking the presequence was prone to aggregation. We conclude that mitochondrial presequences do not necessarily act as mediators of targeting. In the case of the CIC, the presequence appears to determine the folding state of the preprotein. 相似文献
157.
Plata C Sussman CR Sindic A Liang JO Mount DB Josephs ZM Chang MH Romero MF 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(16):11996-12009
We have identified and characterized two different sodium-coupled monocarboxylate cotransporters (SMCT) from zebrafish (Danio rerio), electrogenic (zSMCTe) and electroneutral (zSMCTn). zSMCTn is the 12th member of the zebrafish Slc5 gene family (zSlc5a12). Both zSMCT sequences have approximately 50% homology to human SLC5A8 (hSMCT). Transport function and kinetics were measured in Xenopus oocytes injected with zSMCT cRNAs by measurement of intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) and membrane potential. Both zSMCTs oocytes increased [Na(+)](i) with addition of monocarboxylates (MC) such as lactate, pyruvate, nicotinate, and butyrate. By using two electrode voltage clamp experiments, we measured currents elicited from zSMCTe after MC addition. MC-elicited currents from zSMCTe were similar to hSMCT currents. In contrast, we found no significant MC-elicited current in either zSMCTn or control oocytes. Kinetic data show that zSMCTe has a higher affinity for lactate, nicotinate, and pyruvate (K(m)(L-lactate) = 0.17 +/- 0.02 mM, K(m)(nicotinate) = 0.54 +/- 0.12 mM at -150 mV) than zSMCTn (K(m)(L-lactate) = 1.81 +/- 0.19 mM, K(m)(nicotinate) = 23.68 +/- 4.88 mM). In situ hybridization showed that 1-, 3-, and 5-day-old zebrafish embryos abundantly express both zSMCTs in the brain, eyes, intestine, and kidney. Within the kidney, zSMCTn mRNA is expressed in pronephric tubules, whereas zSMCTe mRNA is more distal in pronephric ducts. zSMCTn is expressed in exocrine pancreas, but zSMCTe is not. Roles for Na(+)-coupled monocarboxylate cotransporters have not been described for the brain or eye. In summary, zSMCTe is the zebrafish SLC5A8 ortholog, and zSMCTn is a novel, electroneutral SMCT (zSlc5a12). Slc5a12 in higher vertebrates is likely responsible for the electroneutral Na(+)/lactate cotransport reported in mammalian and amphibian kidneys. 相似文献
158.
Muhammad Shuaib Sajjad Ahmed Kashif Ali Muhammad Ilyas Firasat Hussain Zara Urooj Syed Sadaqat Shah Tanweer Kumar Muzammil Shah Ikramullah Khan Fida Hussain 《农业工程》2019,39(1):109-115
Background
Ethnobotanical and ecological study of plants is very important in understanding the culture of a society and it provides a base for further study on scientific lines. This paper, the use of medicinal plants and their role in the treatment of different diseases have been duly observed and noted in Tehsil Timergara.Methods
The survey was carried out from September 2014 to October 2016. During this survey, a total of 16 trips with 4 in each season were carried out to collect data. A total of 115 respondents were interviewed through questionnaires regarding the available medicinal plants; most of the respondents were 65 to 80?years old. The obtained ethnobotanical data was then analyzed by Frequency Citation (FC), Relative Frequency Citation index (RFC), and Use Value index (UV) to find the most common plants species used for various diseases.Results
The local community of the study area, 59 plant species belonging to 39 genera, 28 families for different medicinal purposes. During the survey 38 species were herbs, 6 shrubs, and 15 trees. Leaf and whole plants were most frequently used parts in making of medicine while 30% of the whole plant was used in the ethnobotanical uses. A total of 46 plants showed important value in the ethnomedicinal purpose, in which the highest number of species (11) were used for chest problem particularly in a cough, as laxatives (4) and in asthma (5 species), 14 species were used as fuel which is also an important feature of the plants. Soil analysis of five collection area is studied.Conclusion
The current result of RFC and UV shows that medicinal flora needs to be pharmacologically and phytochemically investigated to prove their efficacy. The documentation of medicinal knowledge is important to preserve this precious old knowledge before it is lost forever, due to technological and environmental changes in the world. 相似文献159.
160.
Zaraĭskiĭ AG 《Molekuliarnaia biologiia》2007,41(2):200-215
Neural differentiation is specified for the first time during vertebrate's development in a part of cells of the embryonic ectoderm under the influence of signals emanating from neighboring tissues: the phenomenon of neural induction. As it was established more then 10 years ago by experiments with the Xenopus embryos, the inhibition of BMP signaling cascade in precocious of neural cells plays the main role in this phenomenon. As a result, the epidermal differentiation program is blocked in these cells, and instead the neural program appears to be activated in them on default. This so-called the default model of neural induction was also confirmed by experiments in other organisms. At the same time, an important role of FGF and Wnt signaling cascades in modulation of BMP cascade during neural induction was recently established. Identification and investigation of many novel proteins involved in the process of neural induction allows one to come back at the novel level, namely at the level of mathematical modeling, to one of the basic challenge of developmental biology: the problem of spatial patterning of cell differentiation during embryogenesis. 相似文献