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41.
C Zinner M Krueger JL Reed M Kohl-Bareis H-C Holmberg B Sperlich 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2016,33(1):71-76
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that breathing hyperoxic air (FinO2 = 0.40) while exercising in a hot environment exerts negative effects on the total tissue level of haemoglobin concentration (tHb); core (Tcore) and skin (Tskin) temperatures; muscle activity; heart rate; blood concentration of lactate; pH; partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide; arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2); and perceptual responses. Ten well-trained male athletes cycled at submaximal intensity at 21°C or 33°C in randomized order: first for 20 min while breathing normal air (FinO2 = 0.21) and then 10 min with FinO2 = 0.40 (HOX). At both temperatures, SaO2 and PaO2, but not tHb, were increased by HOX. Tskin and perception of exertion and thermal discomfort were higher at 33°C than 21°C (p < 0.01), but independent of FinO2. Tcore and muscle activity were the same under all conditions (p > 0.07). Blood lactate and heart rate were higher at 33°C than 21°C. In conclusion, during 30 min of submaximal cycling at 21°C or 33°C, Tcore, Tskin and Tbody, tHb, muscle activity and ratings of perceived exertion and thermal discomfort were the same under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Accordingly, breathing hyperoxic air (FinO2 = 0.40) did not affect thermoregulation under these conditions. 相似文献
42.
Ultrastructural localization of the high molecular weight proteins associated with in vitro-assembled brain microtubules 总被引:51,自引:30,他引:21
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Microtubules isolated from brain extracts by in vitro assembly (1, 19, 23) are composed principally of two tubulins and two high molecular weight proteins (microtubule-associated proteins [MAPS] 1 and 2) (2,5,7,20). Recently, it was demonstrated that in vitro-assembled brain microtubules (neurotubules) are coated with filaments (5, 7) which are similar to the filaments attached to neurotubules in situ (4, 15, 21, 24, 25), and it was suggested that the filaments are composed of the higher molecular weight MAPs (5, 7, 12). In this study, microtubules were assembled in the presence and absence of the MAPs, and thin sections of the microtubules were examined by electron microscopy. The results show that the filaments only occur on microtubules assembled in the presence of the MAPs and it is therefore concluded that the filaments are composed of the high molecular weight MAP's. 相似文献
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Intracavernous injection of 20 μg of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was carried out in 130 impotent patients. The erectile response was compared to the results of arteriological investigations including nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring (NPTR) in 59 patients. The response of 60 patients positively categorized as exclusively psychogenic or vasculogenic was also compared to the pattern of the response to 80 mg of papaverine observed in a previous study by the same authors. The PGE1 test may not discriminate psychogenic from wholly organic patients since its results are not correlated to those of NPTR. It helps for the screening of vasculogenic impotence. Lack of response or a partly rigid response is consistent with this actiology but is not specific for it. A fully response makes it unlikely. Compared to papaverine, PGE1 induces less non rigid responses in psychogenic patients (15% versus 35% with papaverine) and more fully rigid responses in vasculogenic patients (respectively 12% and 5 %). Consequently the specificity of the PGE1 test is higher but its sensitivity lower than that of papaverine so that there is no clear difference in the effectiveness of the tests. Nevertheless the PGE1 test should be preferred, because it is safer. Prolonged erections occured in only 5 patients, and all ceased spontaneously. However 4 presented severely painful erections. 相似文献
46.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate has been used to label normal or tumor cells in order to study their migration in vivo. This requires that any transfer of fluorescence to neighbouring cells be carefully ruled out. The aim of the present report is to demonstrate the possibility of a transfer of fluorescein or fluorescein-bound molecules between untreated and labeled cells. When normal rat thymocytes were co-incubated with labeled cells (about 5 X 10(6) fluorescein molecules/cell) under continuous agitation or exposed to supernatants of these labeled cells, they bound an average of 10(4) fluorescein molecules. When the incubation was done on cell pellets after centrifugation, this transfer was increased tenfold. Hence, intercellular molecular exchange may occur in the absence of any specific interaction. 相似文献
47.
Anne-Marie Benoliel Mireille Soler Christian Capo Jean Louis Mege Daniel Vervloet Pierre Bongrand 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1987,10(1):87-99
Fluorescent molecules are widely used to study quantitative cell properties, such as density of different antigenic markers
or membrane responses to various stimuli. In most cases, studies are done on bulk cell populations with a spectrofluorimeter
or at the single cell level with a cytofluorograph. However, only microspectrofluorimetric techniques allow continuous recording
of dynamic events undergone by individual cells.
The aim of the present report was twofold: first, to describe a methodology easily accessible to cell biologists that allows
simultaneous manipulation of single cells and measurements of their fluorescence properties; and second, through this methodology
to study quantitative aspects of cell structure and function such as binding of a fluorescein-labeled lectin, transfer of
fluorescent molecules between labeled and unlabeled cells brought in close contact, or fluorescence response of individual
cells stimulated after being loaded with a potential-sensitive dye.
We conclude that the understanding of many aspects of cell structure and behavior requires that individual cells be studied
under dynamic conditions and for prolonged periods of time. 相似文献
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Mamady Diabate Patrick Munro Elsa Garcia Arnaud Jacquel Gregory Michel Sandrine Obba Diogo Goncalves Carmelo Luci Sandrine Marchetti Dieter Demon Clara Degos Yassina Bechah Jean-Louis Mege Mohamed Lamkanfi Patrick Auberger Jean-Pierre Gorvel Lynda Maria Stuart Luce Landraud Emmanuel Lemichez Laurent Boyer 《PLoS pathogens》2015,11(3)
The detection of the activities of pathogen-encoded virulence factors by the innate immune system has emerged as a new paradigm of pathogen recognition. Much remains to be determined with regard to the molecular and cellular components contributing to this defense mechanism in mammals and importance during infection. Here, we reveal the central role of the IL-1β signaling axis and Gr1+ cells in controlling the Escherichia coli burden in the blood in response to the sensing of the Rho GTPase-activating toxin CNF1. Consistently, this innate immune response is abrogated in caspase-1/11-impaired mice or following the treatment of infected mice with an IL-1β antagonist. In vitro experiments further revealed the synergistic effects of CNF1 and LPS in promoting the maturation/secretion of IL-1β and establishing the roles of Rac, ASC and caspase-1 in this pathway. Furthermore, we found that the α-hemolysin toxin inhibits IL-1β secretion without affecting the recruitment of Gr1+ cells. Here, we report the first example of anti-virulence-triggered immunity counteracted by a pore-forming toxin during bacteremia. 相似文献