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61.
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in versatile functions in plant growth and development as a signaling molecule. To date, plants have been reported to produce NO following exposure to nitrite (N O 2 ? ) the amino acid L-arginine, hydroxylamine, or polyamines. Here we demonstrate azide-dependent NO production in plants. The water fern Azolla pinnata emitted NO into air upon exposure to sodium azide (NaN3). The NO production was dependent on azide concentration and was strongly inhibited by potassium cyanide (KCN). Incubation of A. pinnata with the catalase inhibitor 3-aminotriazole (3-AT) abolished the azide-dependent NO production. Although nitrite-dependent NO production was inhibited by sodium azide, azide-dependent NO production was not affected by nitrite. These results indicate that A. pinnata enzymatically produces NO using azide as a substrate. We suggest that plants are also capable of producing NO from azide by the action of catalase as previously reported in animals. 相似文献
62.
Suraj Gurung Sujan Mamidi J. Michael Bonman Mai Xiong Gina Brown-Guedira Tika B. Adhikari 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Accelerated wheat development and deployment of high-yielding, climate resilient, and disease resistant cultivars can contribute to enhanced food security and sustainable intensification. To facilitate gene discovery, we assembled an association mapping panel of 528 spring wheat landraces of diverse geographic origin for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). All accessions were genotyped using an Illumina Infinium 9K wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and 4781 polymorphic SNPs were used for analysis. To identify loci underlying resistance to the major leaf spot diseases and to better understand the genomic patterns, we quantified population structure, allelic diversity, and linkage disequilibrium. Our results showed 32 loci were significantly associated with resistance to the major leaf spot diseases. Further analysis identified QTL effective against major leaf spot diseases of wheat which appeared to be novel and others that were previously identified by association analysis using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and bi-parental mapping. In addition, several identified SNPs co-localized with genes that have been implicated in plant disease resistance. Future work could aim to select the putative novel loci and pyramid them in locally adapted wheat cultivars to develop broad-spectrum resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases of wheat via marker-assisted selection (MAS). 相似文献
63.
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem that affects more than 300 million people throughout the world. The morbidity associated with the disease causes serious economic burden in Leishmania endemic regions. Despite the morbidity and economic burden associated with Leishmaniasis, this disease rarely gets noticed and is still categorized under neglected tropical diseases. The lack of research combined with the ability of Leishmania to evade immune recognition has rendered our efforts to design therapeutic treatments or vaccines challenging. Herein, we review the literature on Leishmania from innate immune perspective and discuss potential problems as well as solutions and future directions that could aid in identifying novel therapeutic targets to eliminate this parasite. 相似文献
64.
Khalid Mashay Alanazi Mohammad Ajmal Ali Soo-Yong Kim M. Oliur Rahman Mohammad Abul Farah Fahad Alhemaid Meena Elangbam Arun Bahadur Gurung Joongku Lee 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(7):3768-3775
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is remarkable for its horticultural and ornamental values, poisonous nature, and medicinal uses. In order to have understanding of cp genome characterization of highly valued medicinal plant, and the evolutionary and systematic relationships, the complete plastome / chloroplast (cp) genome of A. obesum was sequenced. The assembled cp genome of A. obesum was found to be 154,437 bp, with an overall GC content of 38.1%. A total of 127 unique coding genes were annotated including 96 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. The repeat structures were found to comprise of only mononucleotide repeats. The SSR loci are compososed of only A/T bases. The phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes revealed its proximity with Nerium oleander. 相似文献
65.
Migma Dorji Tamang Hyang-Mi Nam Mamata Gurung Geum-Chan Jang Su-Ran Kim Suk-Chan Jung Yong Ho Park Suk-Kyung Lim 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(13):3898-3905
A total of 84 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, farm workers, and the farm environment isolated from February to September 2008 in the Republic of Korea were investigated. All 84 ESBL-producing isolates carried blaCTX-M genes that belonged to the CTX-M-1 (n = 35) or CTX-M-9 (n = 49) family. The most predominant CTX-M type identified was CTX-M-14 (n = 49), followed by CTX-M-32 (n = 26). The blaCTX-M genes were identified most commonly in E. coli isolates from feces (n = 29), teats (n = 25), and milk (n = 14). A blaCTX-M-14 gene was also detected in an E. coli isolate from a farmer''s hand. Transfer of the blaCTX-M gene from 60 blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolates to the recipient E. coli J53 strain by conjugation was demonstrated. Plasmid isolation from blaCTX-M-positive transconjugants revealed a large (95- to 140-kb) conjugative plasmid. Almost all (82/84) blaCTX-M genes possessed an insertion sequence, ISEcp1, upstream of the blaCTX-M gene. Only in the case of the CTX-M-14 genes was IS903 downstream of the gene. The blaCTX-M genes were associated with seven kinds of addiction systems. Among them, pndAC, hok-sok, and srnBC were the most frequently identified addiction systems in both wild strains and transconjugants. The spread of blaCTX-M genes was attributed to both clonal expansion and horizontal dissemination. Our data suggest that a combination of multiple addiction systems in plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes could contribute to their maintenance in the host cells. To our knowledge, the blaCTX-M-32 gene has not previously been reported in animal isolates from the Republic of Korea. 相似文献
66.
To examine the seasonal succession of the entire zooplankton community in Lake Biwa, zooplankton biomass (on an areal basis) and its distribution patterns among crustaceans, rotifers and ciliates were studied in the north basin from April 1997 to June 1998. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton and population dynamics of Daphnia galeata were also examined to assess food condition and predation pressure by fish. From March to November, crustaceans dominated zooplankton biomass, but rotifers and ciliates were dominant from December to February. Among crustaceans, Eodiaptomus japonicus was the most abundant species, followed by D. galeata. Zooplankton biomass increased from January to a peak in early April, just before the spring bloom of phytoplankton, then decreased in mid-April when mortality rate of D. galeata increased. From mid-June, zooplankton increased and maintained a high level until the beginning of November. During this period, both birth and mortality rates of D. galeata were relatively high and a number of rotifer and crustacean species were observed. However, their abundances were very limited except for E. japonicus which likely preys on ciliates and rotifers. In Lake Biwa, food sources other than phytoplankton, such as resuspended organic matter from the sediments, seems to play a crucial role in zooplankton succession from winter to early spring, while zooplankton community seems to be regulated mainly by fish predation from summer to fall. 相似文献
67.
A medium-density genetic linkage map of the bovine genome 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
W. Barendse D. Vaiman S. J. Kemp Y. Sugimoto S. M. Armitage J. L. Williams H. S. Sun A. Eggen M. Agaba S. A. Aleyasin M. Band M. D. Bishop J. Buitkamp K. Byrne F. Collins L. Cooper W. Coppettiers B. Denys R. D. Drinkwater K. Easterday C. Elduque S. Ennis G. Erhardt L. Ferretti N. Flavin Q. Gao M. Georges R. Gurung B. Harlizius G. Hawkins J. Hetzel T. Hirano D. Hulme C. Jorgensen M. Kessler B. W. Kirkpatrick B. Konfortov S. Kostia C. Kuhn J. A. Lenstra H. Leveziel H. A. Lewin B. Leyhe L. Lil I. Martin Burriel R. A. McGraw J. R. Miller D. E. Moody S. S. Moore S. Nakane I. J. Nijman I. Olsaker D. Pomp A. Rando M. Ron A. Shalom A. J. Teale U. Thieven B. G. D. Urquhart D. -I. Vage A. Van de Weghe S. Varvio R. Velmala J. Vilkki R. Weikard C. Woodside J. E. Womack M. Zanotti P. Zaragoza 《Mammalian genome》1997,8(1):21-28
A cattle genetic linkage map was constructed which covers more than 95 percent of the bovine genome at medium density. Seven
hundred and forty six DNA polymorphisms were genotyped in cattle families which comprise 347 individuals in full sibling pedigrees.
Seven hundred and three of the loci are linked to at least one other locus. All linkage groups are assigned to chromosomes,
and all are orientated with regards to the centromere. There is little overall difference in the lengths of the bull and cow
linkage maps although there are individual differences between maps of chromosomes. One hundred and sixty polymorphisms are
in or near genes, and the resultant genome-wide comparative analyses indicate that while there is greater conservation of
synteny between cattle and humans compared with mice, the conservation of gene order between cattle and humans is much less
than would be expected from the conservation of synteny. This map provides a basis for high-resolution mapping of the bovine
genome with physical resources such as Yeast and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes as well as providing the underpinning for
the interpolation of information from the Human Genome Project.
Received: 15 August 1996 / Accepted: 15 September 1996 相似文献
68.
69.
Tara Man Kadayat Suhrid Banskota Ganesh Bist Pallavi Gurung Til Bahadur Thapa Magar Aarajana Shrestha Jung-Ae Kim Eung-Seok Lee 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(14):2436-2441
A series of pyridine-linked indanone derivatives were designed and synthesized to discover new small molecules for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Compounds 5b and 5d exhibited strongest inhibitory activity against TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells (an in vitro model of colitis). In TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced rat colitis model, oral administration of the compounds 5b and 5d ameliorated colitis with significant recovery in altered expressions of E-cadherin, TNF-α and IL-1β expressions, indicating 5b and 5d as potential agents for therapeutics development against IBD. 相似文献
70.
Tatsuki Sekino Motomi Genkai-Kato Zen’ichiro Kawabata Natalia G. Melnik Natalia P. Logacheva Olga I. Belykh Lubov A. Obolkina Nina A. Bondarenko Tamara V. Khodzher Ludmila A. Gorbunova Andrey I. Tanichev Takehito Yoshida Maiko Kagami Tek B. Gurung Jotaro Urabe Masahiko Higashi Masami Nakanishi 《Limnology》2007,8(3):227-232
The influence of the size distribution of phytoplankton on changes in the planktonic food web structures with eutrophication
was examined using natural planktonic communities in two world-famous lakes: Lake Baikal and Lake Biwa. The size distribution
of phytoplankton and the ratio of heterotrophic to autotrophic biomass (H/A ratio), indicating the balance between primary
production and its consumption, were investigated in the lakes of different trophic status. The results revealed that microphytoplankton
(>20μm) in mesotrophic Lake Biwa, and picophytoplankton (<2μm) or nanophytoplankton (2–20μm) in oligotrophic Lake Baikal,
comprised the highest proportion of the total phytoplankton biomass. The H/A ratio was lower in Lake Biwa (<1) than in Lake
Baikal (>1). The low H/A ratio in Lake Biwa appeared to be the consequence of the lack of consumption of the more abundant
microphytoplankton, which were inferior competitors in nutrient uptake under oligotrophic conditions but less vulnerable to
grazing. As a result, unconsumed microphytoplankton accumulated in the water column, decreasing the H/A ratio in Lake Biwa.
Our results showed that food web structure and energy flow in planktonic communities were greatly influenced by the size distribution
of phytoplankton, in conjunction with bottom-up (nutrient uptake) and top-down (grazing) effects at the trophic level of primary
producers. 相似文献