用于脑缺血小鼠海马SOD1表达的改进灌注固定法

常规灌注固定法多用于兔和大鼠等较大动物,并存在一些不足。改进了灌注固定法流程、灌注溶液的配方、流速、用量以及灌注装置,将其用于在显微操作下制备的缺血再灌注C57BL/6N小鼠模型,并对其海马进行H.E染色和免疫组织化学SOD1基因表达。结果显示,改进的灌注固定法使组织切片结构更加清晰,海马免疫阳性神经元定位于胞浆。缺血再灌注组(24hI/R)海马神经元SOD1表达比假手术对照组(sham-o)减少,而高压氧治疗组(24hHBO)SOD1表达有所恢复。表明改进的灌注固定法用于缺血再灌注C57BL/6N小鼠海马SOD1基因表达效果良好,结果可靠。实验结果提示,高压氧的治疗机制之一可能是通过增加SOD1基因表达而实现的。     

一氧化氮对UV-B辐射增强条件下燕麦幼苗氧化损伤的缓解作用

以燕麦品种“定燕2号”和“晋燕14号”为研究材料,研究紫外线B（ultraviolet rays-B, UV-B）辐射增强条件下,一氧化氮（nitric oxide, NO）供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside, SNP）对燕麦幼苗活性氧含量、膜脂过氧化和抗氧化物质含量的影响。结果表明：NO能够降低UV-B辐射增强条件下“定燕2号”和“晋燕14号”的超氧阴离子（superoxide radical, O₂^·-）产生速率、羟自由基（hydroxyl free radical, OH^·）、过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂）和丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）含量。UV-B辐射时间为6 h,施加SNP时,“定燕2号”的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性、“晋燕14号”的SOD活性高于其他处理组;UV-B辐射时间为3 h,施加SNP时,“定燕2号”、“晋燕14号”的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase, APX）活性显著高于0 h、12 h处理组。UV-B辐射时间为6 h,“定燕2号”的脱氢抗坏血酸（dehydroascorbic acid, DHA）含量显著高于其他处理组;而UV-B辐射时间为0 h,“晋燕14号”的DHA 含量显著高于其他处理组。NO对UV-B辐射增强下“定燕2号”和“晋燕14号”抗氧化性影响的综合测评均为：3 h>6 h>12 h>0 h。本研究结果为NO在燕麦育种、抗氧化机制等提供理论依据。     

脾神经与脾脏免疫功能研究进展

脾脏是人体外周最大的免疫器官,其与细胞免疫以及体液免疫关系密切,对脾内及外周血内的免疫活性细胞的量和比例有重要的调节作用,近年来随着对脾脏免疫功能的研究愈来愈深入,尤其是神经对脾脏免疫的调控研究方面取得了较大进展.支配脾脏的神经主要是腹腔交感神经节后纤维,其既参与调节脾脏免疫功能,同时也受到免疫应答系统的影响,二者相互作用,共同完成脾脏功能.明确相互之间作用机制,对临床某些疾病发病机理以及治疗都有一定的指导意义.     

藏羚冬季绒毛的形态结构

哺乳动物被毛的作用在于发挥其保温、缓冲和隔离的功能,而这些功能会因动物分布地域、不同季节、不同身体部位等的毛形态结构差异,发生适应性变化(Johnson and Homby,1980;Moen and Severing.haus,1984;Chen and Wang,1991;张伟等,1997;汪玺,1998;徐正强等,2006;张伟等,2008).     

Methyl 2-methoxy-7-(4-methylbenzoyl)-4-oxo-6-p-tolyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-3-carboxylate:A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

The title compound, methyl 2-methoxy-7-(4-methylbenzoyl)-4-oxo-6-p-tolyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-3-carboxylate (C₂₅H₂₀O₇), was prepared and characterized by IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P ?1 with a?=?8.9554(9) Å, b?=?10.0018(10) Å, c?=?12.7454(13) Å, α?=?67.678(7)°, β?=?89.359(8)° and γ?=?88.961(8)°. In addition to the molecular geometry from X-ray experiment, the molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound in the ground state have been calculated using semiempirical AM1 and PM3 methods, as well as Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional (B3LYP) levels of theory with 6–31G(d) basis set. To determine conformational flexibility, molecular energy profile of the title compound was obtained by semi-empirical (AM1) calculations with respect to two selected degrees of torsional freedom, which were varied from ?180° to +180° in steps of 10°. Besides, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis and thermodynamic properties of the title compound were performed by the B3LYP/6–31G(d) method.     

硝普纳处理对白刺愈伤组织膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以唐古特白刺（Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.）愈伤组织为材料,研究一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠（SNP）处理对其膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术检测结果显示,白刺愈伤组织在SNP处理下细胞中NO含量显著增加,而N-硝基-L-精氨酸（L-NNA）处理使细胞中NO水平降低。低浓度SNP（10和25 μmol·L^-1）处理后,白刺愈伤组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量显著减少,而高浓度SNP（100 μmol·L^-1）和L-NNA(0.5 mmol·L^-1)处理后MDA含量明显高于对照。与对照比,SNP处理诱导白刺愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量升高,却使脯氨酸含量减少。白刺愈伤组织在不同浓度SNP处理下过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性呈增加的变化趋势,低浓度SNP处理使过氧化物酶（POD）活性减弱,而50 μmol·L^-1 SNP处理后POD活性约增加为对照的119%。结果提示,外源NO可促进白刺愈伤组织可溶性蛋白的合成,诱导抗氧化酶活性升高,增强了白刺愈伤组织的抗氧化能力,从而表现出对细胞的保护作用。     

异甘草素的合成工艺研究

以2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和对羟基苯甲醛为原料,通过羟基保护,羟醛缩合及脱保护合成得到了异甘草素。并对其中的关键步骤羟醛缩合反应条件如：催化剂的种类,底物的摩尔比,反应温度,溶剂以及反应时间进行了优化。结果表明,在以Ba(OH)₂为催化剂,甲醇为反应溶剂,对羟基苯甲醛和2,4-二羟基苯乙酮的摩尔比为1.8∶1,温度为45℃的条件下,反应12 h,羟醛缩合反应的收率最高（77.9%）,且体系较为简单,易于纯化。     

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫。结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种。     

培养基成分对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以Bs＋0．5mg／L NAA＋0．5mg／L BA为基本培养基,研究了B5培养基中8种主要无机盐浓度对杜仲愈伤组织生长及绿原酸和总黄酮两种次生代谢产物含量的影响。结果表明：在1000～5000mg／L范围内增加培养基中KNO3的含量有利于愈伤组织生长,B5培养基中当KNO3的浓度达到2／3时,绿原酸和总黄酮含量及产量最高;(NH4)2SO4以4／3原浓度时对愈伤组织生长量、总黄酮含量及产量最高,对绿原酸的含量则是其为原浓度的1／3时最高;MgSO4以2／3浓度对生长量及1／3浓度对绿原酸、总黄酮积累最高;NaH2PO4、CaCl2和MnSO4以原浓度的愈伤组织生长和次生代谢产物合成最好;ZnSO4和FeSO4的原浓度愈伤组织的生长量最大,而1／3浓度的绿原酸和总黄酮含量最高。     

Influence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate on human phospholipase D1 wild-type and deletion mutants: is there evidence for an interaction of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate with the putative pleckstrin homology domain?

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is an essential cofactor of phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes. In order to further characterize its role in PLD activation, we have constructed N-terminal deletion mutants of the human PLD1 (hPLD1) and a mutant lacking the putative pleckstrin homology domain (delta PH), which has been proposed to be involved in PIP(2) binding. For the N-terminal deletion mutants (up to 303 amino acids) and the delta PH mutant we found no significant differences compared to the hPLD1 wild-type, except changes in the specific activities: the K(m) values were about 20 microM for the substrate phosphatidylcholine, and PIP(2) activated the PLD enzymes maximally between 5 and 10 microM. In contrast, preincubation of the PLD proteins with 5-10 microM PIP(2) or PIP(2)-containing lipid vesicles inhibited the PLD activity. This inhibition was neither abolished by n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside or neomycin nor by the ADP-ribosylation factor, another activator of PLD enzymes. All tested PLD proteins were active without PIP(2) in the presence of 1 M ammonium sulfate. The 303 N-terminal amino acids of hPLD1 are not involved in substrate binding or the interaction with PIP(2). Our data indicate further that the putative PH domain of hPLD1 is not responsible for the essential effects of PIP(2) on PLD activity.