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991.
Walaa Hassan Asmaa Abdelhameed Najla A. Al Shaye Wafaa Amer 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(10):5998-6008
Several populations of Brassica tournefortii (Brassicaceae) occurring in Egypt are investigated from the micromorphological point of view (seed ornamentations). The species is known to show a notable phenotypic plasticity and five morphotypes was identified in the past. Furthermore, a soil analysis as well as a study of the fungal species from anthers were carried out. The aim of the study is to verify the taxonomic value of the morpholotypes of B. tournefortii and their ecologic relationship with soil variables. The results obtained demonstrated that the five morphological forms can be distinguished based on the seed sculpture. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) exhibited a clear correlation between the soil variables and the identified forms. Six species of fungi were detected from the ecto-anthers in the Forms (F2-F4), while F1 was lacking the fungal species. The study revealed that the morphological plasticity of studied B. tournefortii depends on ecological factors. 相似文献
992.
Haleema Noureen Sadia Alam Samha Al Ayoubi Abdul Qayyum Shahida Sadiqi Samia Atiq Alia Naz Yamin Bibi Waqas Ahmed Muhammad Mumtaz Khan Shehla Sammi Muhammad Liaquat Shakil Ahmad 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(10):5841-5848
Rice bran oil is known as wonder oil and it is the most important vegetable oil in Asia. Rice bran oil is extracted from bran that is the outer hard layer of rice. It is an emerging category in edible oil with a lot of nutritional properties and health benefits. Rice bran oil is heart-friendly, boosts up immunity, and prevents from other diseases occurring commonly in Pakistan. The current study aimed to stabilize rice bran oil through different probiotic isolates and to assess the nutritional content of rice bran oil after stabilization. The study was aimed to inactivate naturally occurring lipases that can hydrolyze oil into glycerol and free fatty acid which is a serious problem that gives it a rancid taste and smell. Antilipase activity was used to inactivate naturally occurring lipases that are a huge threat to the stabilization process. The fermentation process utilizes antilipase activity without affecting the nutritional value of oil. Lactobacillus strains were used for the stabilization of rice bran oil. Rice bran oil was extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus. The probiotic lab isolates Lactobacillus delbrueckii S2, Lactobacillus casei S5 and Lactobacillus plantarum S13 were applied to it to increase its shelf life and prevent oxidative rancidity. The extraction temperature of rice bran oil was maintained above 40 °C to inhibit lipase activity. Rice bran oil samples were stored at refrigeration temperature to arrest lipase activity. Probiotics maintained acidic pH to keep oil stabilization. Qualitative analysis was done to confirm rice bran oil stabilization. Determination of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and saponification value confirmed that oxidative rancidity of rice bran oil was controlled by probiotics. FFA count was less than 10% and Saponification Value (SV) was 180. GC analysis was performed to analyze the FFA profile. Gas Chromatography results have shown 3 fatty acids. Statistical analysis has shown non-significant effect on different incubation temperatures of Lactobacillus isolates. Among the biological methods of stabilization, the use of probiotics is a novel concept and recommended for commercial application. 相似文献
993.
The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection, biochemical parameters, and cortisol and adrenaline content in the blood of students depending on the effect of exam stress. A total of 135 healthy students (72 female (53.3%) and 63 male (46.7%)) aged from 19 to 21 years (mean age 20.16 ± 0.42 years) of the experimental group underwent detailed medical screening and examination before the inclusion in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy students (17 female (56.7%) and 13 male (43.3%)) of corresponding age (mean age 20.23 ± 0.54 years), whose medical examination was performed during breaks in the absence of any stress factors. The blood parameters of the experimental group were investigated 1 h before, 1 h after, and 24 h after the exam. The cortisol content in the blood of experimental group students significantly increased 1.37 times (p < 0.05) an hour before the exam and 1.32 times (p < 0.05) an hour after; adrenalin content in blood increased 1.76 times (p < 0.05) and 1.49 times (p < 0.05), respectively. Compared to the control group, intensification of lipid peroxidation processes with a 1.51-fold (p < 0.05) increase in erythrocyte malonic aldehyde content in blood 1 h before and 1.42-fold (p < 0.05) increase an hour after the exam was observed in students due to the effect of exam stress.. Changes in hormonal homeostasis, activation of lipoperoxidation processes with the development of oxidative stress, and the disintegration of antioxidant protection factors are typical for academic stress in students. 相似文献
994.
L. Salvador R. Alía D. Agúndez L. Gil 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(1):89-95
The genetic variability and migration pathways of Pinus pinaster after glaciation in the Iberian peninsula was studied by means of 18 loci from 12 natural populations of the species. The
analysis showed the existence of three groups of populations with different levels of diversity and patterns of recolonization.
The southern Iberian group displays a high level of diversity, with a stepping-stone model of variation. The presence of rare
alleles in this group and their position in the phylogenetic tree suggest the existence of refugia during glaciations in this
zone. The eastern Iberian group also has high levels of diversity but is clearly separate from the first group based on their
genetic distances. The Atlantic group displays a low level of diversity that could be interpreted as a rapid recolonization
of the entire area by the Eastern group that has not yet developed to a divergence in this area. The southern Iberian range
is indicated to be the dispersal centre of the species after the last glaciation.
Received: 15 February 1999 / Accepted: 30 April 1999 相似文献
995.
Central Exendin‐4 Infusion Reduces Body Weight without Altering Plasma Leptin in (fa/fa) Zucker Rats
Kamal A. Al‐Barazanji Jonathan R. S. Arch Robin E. Buckingham Mohammad Tadayyon 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2000,8(4):317-323
Objective: To investigate whether chronic administration of the long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist exendin‐4 can elicit sustained reductions in food intake and body weight and whether its actions require an intact leptin system. Research Methods and Procedures: Male lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were infused intracerebroventricularly with exendin‐4 using osmotic minipumps for 8 days. Results: Exendin‐4 reduced body weight in both lean and obese Zucker rats, maximum suppression being reached on Day 5 in obese (8%) and Day 7 in lean (16%) rats. However, epididymal white adipose tissue weight was not reduced, and only in lean rats was there a reduction in plasma leptin concentration. Food intake was maximally suppressed (by 81%) on Day 3 in obese rats but was reduced by only 18% on Day 8. Similarly, in lean rats food intake was maximally reduced (by 93%) on Day 4 of treatment and by 45% on Day 8. Brown adipose tissue temperature was reduced from Days 2 to 4. Plasma corticosterone was elevated by 76% in lean but by only 28% in obese rats. Discussion: Chronic exendin‐4 treatment reduced body weight in both obese and lean Zucker rats by reducing food intake: metabolic rate was apparently suppressed. These effects did not require an intact leptin system. Neither does the absence of an intact leptin system sensitize animals to exendin‐4. Partial tolerance to the anorectic effect of exendin‐4 in lean rats may have been due to elevated plasma corticosterone and depressed plasma leptin levels, but other counter‐regulatory mechanisms seem to play a role in obese Zucker rats. 相似文献
996.
Hend H. A. M. Abdullah Nadia Amanzougaghene Handi Dahmana Meriem Louni Didier Raoult Oleg Mediannikov 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(9)
Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) are considered emerging and re-emerging diseases that represent a global burden. The aim of this study was to explore and characterize vector-borne pathogens in different domestic animal hosts in Egypt. A total of 557 blood samples were collected from different animals using a convenience sampling strategy (203 dogs, 149 camels, 88 cattle, 26 buffaloes, 58 sheep and 33 goats). All samples were tested for multiple pathogens using quantitative PCR and standard PCR coupled with sequencing. We identified Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina in cattle (15.9 and 1.1%, respectively), T. ovis in sheep and buffaloes (8.6 and 7.7%, respectively) and Ba. canis in dogs (0.5%) as well as Anaplasma marginale in cattle, sheep and camels (20.4, 3.4 and 0.7%, respectively) and Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats (1.7 and 3%; respectively). New genotypes of An. centrale, An. ovis, An. platys-like and Borrelia theileri were found in cattle (1.1,3.4, 3.4 and 3.4%, respectively), An. platys-like in buffaloes (7.7%), An. marginale, An. ovis, An. platys-like and Bo. theileri in sheep (3.4, 1.7, 1.7 and 3.4%, respectively), An. platys, An. platys-like and Setaria digitata in camels (0.7, 5.4 and 0.7%, respectively) and Rickettsia africae-like, An. platys, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum in dogs (1.5, 3.4, 1 and 0.5%, respectively). Co-infections were found in cattle, sheep and dogs (5.7, 1.7, 0.5%, respectively). For the first time, we have demonstrated the presence of several vector-borne zoonoses in the blood of domestic animals in Egypt. Dogs and ruminants seem to play a significant role in the epidemiological cycle of VBDs. 相似文献
997.
Dipali Rani Gupta Sanjida Khanom Md. Motiar Rohman Mirza Hasanuzzaman Musrat Zahan Surovy Nur Uddin Mahmud Md. Robyul Islam Ashifur Rahman Shawon Mahfuzur Rahman Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam Tofazzal Islam 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2021,27(9):2127
Wheat blast caused by the hemibiotroph fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is a destructive disease of wheat in South America, Bangladesh and Zambia. This study aimed to determine and compare the activities of antioxidant enzymes in susceptible (wheat, maize, barley and swamp rice grass) and resistant (rice) plants when interacting with MoT. The activities of reactive oxygen species-detoxifying enzymes; catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (POX) were increased in all plants in response to MoT inoculation with a few exceptions. Interestingly, an early and very high activity of CAT was observed within 24 h after inoculation in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass with lower H2O2 concentration. In contrast, an early and high accumulation of H2O2 was observed in rice at 48 hai with little CAT activity only at a later stage of MoT inoculation. The activities of APX, GST and POD were also high at an early stage of infection in rice. However, these enzymes activities were very high at a later stage in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass. The activity of GPX gradually decreased with the increase of time in rice. Taken together, our results suggest that late and early inductions of most of the antioxidant enzyme activities occurs in susceptible and resistant plants, respectively. This study demonstrates some insights into physiological responses of host and non-host plants when interacting with the devastating wheat blast fungus MoT, which could be useful for developing blast resistant wheat. 相似文献
998.
A common assumption about the shape of protein binding pockets is that they are related to the shape of the small ligand molecules that can bind there. But to what extent is that assumption true? Here we use a recently developed shape matching method to compare the shapes of protein binding pockets to the shapes of their ligands. We find that pockets binding the same ligand show greater variation in their shapes than can be accounted for by the conformational variability of the ligand. This suggests that geometrical complementarity in general is not sufficient to drive molecular recognition. Nevertheless, we show when considering only shape and size that a significant proportion of the recognition power of a binding pocket for its ligand resides in its shape. Additionally, we observe a "buffer zone" or a region of free space between the ligand and protein, which results in binding pockets being on average three times larger than the ligand that they bind. 相似文献
999.
The absorption and energy transfer properties of photosynthetic pigments are strongly influenced by their local environment
or “site.” Local electrostatic fields vary in time with protein and chromophore molecular movement and thus transiently influence
the excited state transition properties of individual chromophores. Site-specific information is experimentally inaccessible
in many light-harvesting pigment–proteins due to multiple chromophores with overlapping spectra. Full quantum mechanical calculations
of each chromophores excited state properties are too computationally demanding to efficiently calculate the changing excitation
energies along a molecular dynamics trajectory in a pigment–protein complex. A simplified calculation of electrostatic interactions
with each chromophores ground to excited state transition, the so-called charge density coupling (CDC) for site energy, CDC,
has previously been developed to address this problem. We compared CDC to more rigorous quantum chemical calculations to determine
its accuracy in computing excited state energy shifts and their fluctuations within a molecular dynamics simulation of the
bacteriochlorophyll containing light-harvesting Fenna–Mathews–Olson (FMO) protein. In most cases CDC calculations differed
from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations in predicting both excited state energy and its fluctuations. The discrepancies
arose from the inability of CDC to account for the differing effects of charge on ground and excited state electron orbitals.
Results of our study show that QM calculations are indispensible for site energy computations and the quantification of contributions
from different parts of the system to the overall site energy shift. We suggest an extension of QM/MM methodology of site
energy shift calculations capable of accounting for long-range electrostatic potential contributions from the whole system,
including solvent and ions. 相似文献
1000.
Alam Khan Md Shariful Islam Moizur Rahman Tanjeena Zaman Md Ekramul Haque 《Biological research》2014,47(1)