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Testing lack of fit in multiple regression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Changes in human mucosal gamma delta T cell repertoire and function associated with the disease process in inflammatory bowel disease. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
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Background
Quantifying the amount of standing genetic variation in fitness represents an empirical challenge. Unfortunately, the shortage of detailed studies of the genetic architecture of fitness has hampered progress in several domains of evolutionary biology. One such area is the study of sexual selection. In particular, the evolution of adaptive female choice by indirect genetic benefits relies on the presence of genetic variation for fitness. Female choice by genetic benefits fall broadly into good genes (additive) models and compatibility (non-additive) models where the strength of selection is dictated by the genetic architecture of fitness. To characterize the genetic architecture of fitness, we employed a quantitative genetic design (the diallel cross) in a population of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, which is known to exhibit post-copulatory female choice. From reciprocal crosses of inbred lines, we assayed egg production, egg-to-adult survival, and lifetime offspring production of the outbred F1 daughters (F1 productivity). 相似文献46.
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McVay JD Rodriguez D Rainwater TR Dever JA Platt SG McMurry ST Forstner MR Densmore LD 《Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology》2008,309(10):643-648
Microsatellite data were generated from hatchlings collected from ten nests of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) from New River Lagoon and Gold Button Lagoon in Belize to test for evidence of multiple paternity. Nine microsatellite loci were genotyped for 188 individuals from the 10 nests, alongside 42 nonhatchlings from Gold Button Lagoon. Then mitochondrial control region sequences were generated for the nonhatchlings and for one individual from each nest to test for presence of C. acutus-like haplotypes. Analyses of five of the nine microsatellite loci revealed evidence that progeny from five of the ten nests were sired by at least two males. These data suggest the presence of multiple paternity as a mating strategy in the true crocodiles. This information may be useful in the application of conservation and management techniques to the 12 species in this genus, most of which are threatened or endangered. 相似文献
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Yanan Zheng Devin B Tesar Lisa Benincosa Herbert Birnb?ck C Andrew Boswell Daniela Bumbaca Kyra J Cowan Dimitry M Danilenko Ann L Daugherty Paul J Fielder Hans Peter Grimm Amita Joshi Nicole Justies Gerry Kolaitis Nicholas Lewin-Koh Jing Li Sami McVay Jennifer O'Mahony Michael Otteneder Michael Pantze Wendy S Putnam Zhihua J Qiu Jane Ruppel Thomas Singer Oliver Stauch Frank-Peter Theil Jennifer Visich Jihong Yang Yong Ying Leslie A Khawli Wolfgang F Richter 《MABS-AUSTIN》2012,4(2):243-255
Subcutaneous (SC) delivery is a common route of administration for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties requiring long-term or frequent drug administration. An ideal in vivo preclinical model for predicting human PK following SC administration may be one in which the skin and overall physiological characteristics are similar to that of humans. In this study, the PK properties of a series of therapeutic mAbs following intravenous (IV) and SC administration in Göttingen minipigs were compared with data obtained previously from humans. The present studies demonstrated: (1) minipig is predictive of human linear clearance; (2) the SC bioavailabilities in minipigs are weakly correlated with those in human; (3) minipig mAb SC absorption rates are generally higher than those in human and (4) the SC bioavailability appears to correlate with systemic clearance in minipigs. Given the important role of the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) in the PK of mAbs, the in vitro binding affinities of these IgGs against porcine, human and cynomolgus monkey FcRn were tested. The result showed comparable FcRn binding affinities across species. Further, mAbs with higher isoelectric point tended to have faster systemic clearance and lower SC bioavailability in both minipig and human. Taken together, these data lend increased support for the use of the minipig as an alternative predictive model for human IV and SC PK of mAbs.Key words: mAb IgG, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), pharmacokinetics, subcutaneous bioavailability, animal model, minipig 相似文献