全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1264篇 |
免费 | 135篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
1400篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 52篇 |
2012年 | 57篇 |
2011年 | 51篇 |
2010年 | 34篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1972年 | 13篇 |
1971年 | 17篇 |
1970年 | 11篇 |
1969年 | 20篇 |
1968年 | 11篇 |
1967年 | 15篇 |
1966年 | 18篇 |
1965年 | 11篇 |
1964年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有1400条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
51.
Magali M. Wright Rob Cross Roger D. Cousens Tom W. May Cassandra B. McLean 《Mycorrhiza》2010,20(6):375-390
The terrestrial orchid genus Caladenia contains many species which are threatened with extinction. They have highly specific associations with Sebacina vermifera and closely related fungi, and conservation of these terrestrial orchids, in part, relies on symbiotic propagation to produce
plants for reintroduction and ex situ conservation collections. However, little is known of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi
associating with natural populations. Here, restriction fragment polymorphism analysis, internal transcribed spacer and nuclear
large subunit sequencing and symbiotic seed germination were used to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversity of
fungal isolates from single populations of six endangered Caladenia species and one common species across the same biogeographic range. Fifty-nine fungal isolates were collected for investigation
including ten isolates from the six endangered species Caladenia audasii, Caladenia amoena, Caladenia sp. aff. fragrantissima (Central Victoria), Caladenia sp. aff. patersonii, Caladenia rosella and Caladenia orientalis and 49 isolates from six populations of the common species Caladenia tentaculata. While the common species associated with three distinct S. vermifera-like taxa, the six endangered species were restricted to one of these fungal taxa. No direct relationship between the taxonomic
identity of the fungi and their ability to stimulate seed germination was observed; however, the majority of the fungi isolated
from the Caladenia species were capable of germinating seed in vitro, indicating their mycorrhizal status and potential for symbiotic propagation
in conservation programmes. 相似文献
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Mandel U; Hassan H; Therkildsen MH; Rygaard J; Jakobsen MH; Juhl BR; Dabelsteen E; Clausen H 《Glycobiology》1999,9(1):43-52
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by a large family of UDP- GalNAc:
polypeptide N -acetyl-galactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc- transferases).
Individual GalNAc-transferases appear to have different functions and
Northern analysis indicates that they are differently expressed in
different organs. This suggests that O-glycosylation may vary with the
repertoire of GalNAc-transferases expressed in a given cell. In order to
study the repertoire of GalNAc-transferases in situ in tissues and changes
in tumors, we have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with
well defined specificity for human GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. Application of
this panel of novel antibodies revealed that GalNAc- transferases are
differentially expressed in different cell lines, in spermatozoa, and in
oral mucosa and carcinomas. For example, GalNAc-T1 and -T2 but not -T3 were
highly expressed in WI38 cells, and GalNAc-T3 but not GalNAc-T1 or -T2 was
expressed in spermatozoa. The expression patterns in normal oral mucosa
were found to vary with cell differentiation, and for GalNAc-T2 and -T3
this was reflected in oral squamous cell carcinomas. The expression pattern
of GalNAc-T1 was on the other hand changed in tumors to either total loss
or expression in cytological poorly differentiated tumor cells, where the
normal undifferentiated cells lacked expression. These results demonstrate
that the repertoire of GalNAc-transferases is different in different cell
types and vary with cellular differentiation, and malignant transformation.
The implication of this is not yet fully understood, but it suggests that
specific changes in sites of O-glycosylation of proteins may occur as a
result of changes in the repertoire of GalNAc-transferases.
相似文献
57.
Neidhardt EA Punreddy SR McLean JE Hedstrom L Grossman TH 《Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology》1999,1(1):183-188
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (huDHODH) is essential for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines and the target of two immunosuppressive drugs, brequinar and the leflunomide metabolite A77-1726 (Chen et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1996). Using a T7 RNA polymerase expression system, we produced huDHODH as a fusion protein containing an amino-terminal decahistidine tag. Escherichia coli growth and expression conditions were optimized to enhance huDHODH solubility and to permit purification of the enzyme in the absence of detergent. Soluble huDHODH, purified by a simple two-step procedure, was catalytically active, monomeric, and contained a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor in a 1:1 FMN/protein molar ratio. Kinetic analysis showed that huDHODH uses a two site ping-pong mechanism, where DHO is oxidized at one site and the second substrate, ubiquinone, is reduced at the other. This result is consistent with the mechanism proposed for bovine liver DHODH (Hines and Johnston, 1989). 相似文献
58.
Restriction fragment analysis of duplication of the fourth component of complement (C4A) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The two genes encoding the fourth component of complement (C4A and C4B) reside between HLA-B and HLA-DR on human chromosome 6. Two kilobases downstream from each C4 gene lies a 21-hydroxylase gene (CA21HA and CA21HB, respectively). Utilizing the method of Southern blotting and a 5'-end 2.4-kb BamHI/KpnI fragment of the C4 cDNA, we have analyzed TaqI-digested DNA from four pedigrees with one or more extended haplotypes containing a C4A duplication, as demonstrated by protein electrophoresis and segregation analysis. Two C4A protein duplications (C4A*2,A*3,C4B*QO and C4A*3,A*5,C4B*QO) segregated with two large TaqI DNA restriction fragments (7.0 and 6.0). In pedigree Fi, one individual homozygous for HLA-A3,B35,C4,DR1,DQ1,BFF,C2C,-C4A2,3,C4BQO had TaqI 7.0- and 6.0-kb restriction fragments with equal hybridization intensities as measured by two-dimensional densitometry (7.0/6.0 kb = 0.83, SD = 0.12, N = 7). A hybridization probe for the 21-hydroxylase gene also demonstrated equal gene dosage (CA21HA/CA21HB = 1.01). DNA from another individual (Ma I-2) with a different C4A gene duplication (C4A*3,A*5,C4B*QO) also had equal densitometry measurements (7.0/6.0 kb = 1.07). We conclude that two extended haplotypes from unrelated pedigrees have two C4 genes and both C4 genes encode separate C4A alleles. These findings are compatible with a gene conversion event of C4B to C4A. 相似文献
59.
EFFECTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON SOME LIPOPROTEIN LAYER SYSTEMS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR MORPHOGENESIS 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
A. J. Hodge In Collaboration with Marjorie Branster E. M. Martin R. K. Morton Ph.D. J. D. McLean F. V. Mercer Ph.D. 《The Journal of cell biology》1956,2(4):221-228
Lipoprotein membrane systems such as chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum exhibit a generalized swelling response. The initial effect is an increase in interlamellar spacing, but as swelling proceeds, the membranes are transformed into closed thin-walled spherical vesicles. Available evidence suggests that morphogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum of Nitella and the lamellar system of the Zea chloroplasts involves fusion of small spherical vesicles to yield closed double membrane structures, which subsequently undergo further differentiation. It is suggested that the vesicles comprise a convenient "micellar" form by which lipides may be transported within the cell from the sites of lipide synthesis to regions of lamellar growth. The characteristic formation of vesicles in swelling and the apparent fusion of vesicles in morphogenesis appear to represent two aspects of a fundamental plasticity of lipoprotein layer systems. 相似文献
60.
Comparison has been made of the effect of alloxan-diabetes on the multiple forms of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) in adipose tissue and lung. Types I and II hexokinase were distinguished in adipose tissue by their different stabilities to heat treatment, which made it possible to determine the activity of each form spectrophotometrically; additional confirmatory evidence was obtained from starch-gel electrophoresis. Type II hexokinase was markedly depressed in adipose tissue from alloxan-diabetic rats. Lung contained types I, II and III hexokinase, type I predominating. There was no significant change in the pattern of these multiple forms of hexokinase in lung from alloxan-diabetic rats. These results are discussed in relation to current ideas that the insulin-sensitivity of a tissue may be correlated with the content of type II hexokinase. 相似文献