Sucrose-supplemented distillery spent wash as a medium for production of ethanol at 45 °C by free and alginate-immobilized preparations of Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3

Ethanol production by the thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3, was compared during growth on sucrose-supplemented laboratory-based media and distillery spent wash from the Old Bushmill's Distillery Co., Ltd., Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland. Fermentations were carried out using preparations of the free and alginate-immobilized microorganism as inocula in media supplemented with 2 and 10% (w/v) sucrose. Maximum ethanol concentrations accounted for 75–99% of the maximum theoretical yield and in all cases maximum concentrations obtained using the spent wash were similar if not slightly higher than those obtained on the sucrose-supplemented yeast growth media. In addition, the highest concentrations of ethanol were produced by the alginate-immobilized biocatalyst on both types of media. Analysis of exhausted media in the spent wash-based systems demonstrated significant decreases in the total organic carbon content following fermentation. These results confirm our earlier suggestion that ethanol production based on this microorganism in a recycle system may provide a more cost-effective means of disposing of whiskey distillery spent wash.     

Effect of Cerebral Puncture on Brain Protein Synthesis in Adult and Young Rodents

Abstract: In adult mice cerebral puncture results in an inhibition of brain protein synthesis, as suggested previously by Dunn (1975). The inhibition is apparent within a few minutes but subsides by 15 min after puncture. The percent inhibition therefore depends on the length of time between the puncture and the measurement. Mice receiving a puncture were less active than controls, and a decrease in brain temperature was observed in these animals. The decrement is, however, too small to account for the inhibition of synthesis. Diphenylhydantoin had no effect on the inhibition. Cerebral puncture of young mouse (7-day-oId) or rat (8-day-old) brain induced no inhibition of brain protein synthesis.     

Ethanol production at 45 ° by an alginate-immobilized,thermotolerant strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus following growth on glucose-containing media

Summary In comparing ethanol production by free and Ca-alginate immobilized cultures of the thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3, on glucose-containing media at 45°C, it was found that initial yields produced by the immobilized culture lagged behind those produced by cultures in free suspension. However, in subsequent batch-feed experiments it was demonstrated that the ethanol-producing ability of the immobilized preparation increased with successive feeds, while production by the free suspension reduced significantly.     

Modification of human salivary amylase using dextran T-70

Summary Human salivary amylase was immobilized to soluble dextran T-70. On comparing the thermal stabilities of the immobilized and free enzyme it was found that the former was much more stable. It was also found that immobilization to the dextran resulted in the enzyme having a broader pH range and an increased temperature optimum.     

Purification and characterization of an isozyme of catalase with enhanced-peroxidatic activity from leaves of Nicotiana sylvestris

Two isozymes of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), one with typically low peroxidatic activity (CAT-1) and the other with enhanced-peroxidatic activity (EP-CAT or CAT-3) have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) seedlings and antibodies prepared against each. The isozyme proteins showed no immunological cross-reactivity. The subunit Mr was 55,300 +/- 750 for CAT-1 and 53,300 +/- 850 for CAT-3 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the catalatic reaction, the apparent Km values for CAT-1 and CAT-3 were 0.057 and 0.054 M, respectively, and the kcat values were 4.8 x 10(7) and 3.0 x 10(6) min-1, respectively. In the peroxidatic reaction, both have similar apparent Km's for H2O2. The apparent Km values for CAT-3 for the series methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and allyl alcohols were 2.48, 5.6, 38.6, 429, and 16.3 mM, respectively. For CAT-1, the values were 697, 55.8, no detectable reaction with propyl and butyl, and 163 mM, respectively. Neither isozyme utilized dianisidine or guaiacol in the peroxidatic reaction. Catalase activity (CAT-2) which eluted in an intermediate position between CAT-1 and CAT-3 from a chromatofocusing column was composed of only one subunit whose Mr coincided with CAT-1, and only the antibody to CAT-1 reacted with CAT-2 protein. Thus, CAT-2 and CAT-1 appear closely related while CAT-3 is distinctly different.