Breast carcinoma and malignant melanoma metastasis within a single axillary lymph node

A 58 year old lady presented with a right breast cancer and a prior history of malignant melanoma excised from the right chest wall eight years previously. An abnormal axillary lymph node resected contained features of both metastatic breast carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Following oncologic breast cancer management, the patient is well with no evidence of recurrence at three years.     

A Comparative Study of Analogue and Digital Simulation of Ion Uptake by Plants

The kinetics of the uptake of phosphate ions from dilute solutionsby rice plants was studied by use of the continuous-flow technique.A model of the uptake process was examined by simulation carriedout using analogue and digital methods. The advantages and disadvantagesof each simulation method is discussed. It appears that filmdiffusion may exert an important influence on the uptake. Theuptake efficiency [(uptake with diffusion)/(uptake with completestirring)] is calculated for various conditions.     

Adaptation of an enzymatic cycling assay for NADP(H) measurement to the COBAS-FARA centrifugal analyzer

NADP(H) measurements by enzymatic amplification are described in which the interface step between cycling (glucose-6-phosphate and glutamic dehydrogenases) and indicator (6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase) enzymes has been reconfigured, permitting the entire operation to run as a continuous assay on a centrifugal fast analyzer. This is accomplished by using the sequential load feature of the analyzer and incorporating either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or SDS and hydrogen peroxide as kill reagents to replace the thermal step (destruction of cycle enzymes by boiling). The ability of SDS to render a cycle inoperative during the run time of the indicator enzyme depends on the inherent resistivity and absolute amount of its enzyme proteins to this surfactant. Criteria used to judge the efficacy of a potential kill reagent are based on the sample blank time-response curve and the cycle product recovery by the indicator enzyme. Various other enzyme cycling systems which can be fitted to the centrifugal fast analyzer are highlighted.     

Cholesterol oxidase: thermochemical studies and the influence of hydroorganic solvents on enzyme activity

Thermal and binary cosolvent studies of the cholesterol oxidase (cholesterol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.6) reaction have been carried out using batch microcalorimetry and ultraviolet spectrophotometry respectively. Heat conduction measurements are shown to provide the basis for a serum cholesterol assay yielding results comparable to conventional automated clinical assay. The enthalpy of the reaction for cholesterol oxidation, measured with different sources of the enzyme in the presence and absence of catalase is -113 +/- 7.2 mJ/mumol. The value is agreement with calculated estimates based on bond energies, enthalpies of formation and trigonal additivity contribution calculations. From this heat of reaction the deltaHf0 of cholestenone (c) is calculated to be -490 kJ . mol-1. No evidence for the reverse reaction could be adduced. Enzyme activation with detergent (Surfal) is attributed to the formation of mixed micelles of cholesterol with detergent molecules. The detergent concentration at which the enzyme is half activated corresponds to the critical micelle concentration of Surfal. The enhanced enzyme activity found when ethanol, acetonitrile and dioxane were examined as binary cosolvents with water is ascribed to a conformational change in the enzyme mediated through the altered structuredness of water. This cosolvent effect is abolished in the presence of 0.18% Surfal due to the formation of inverted mixed micelles of detergent with cholesterol.     

Polyol dehydrogenase: purification. Evidence for multiple forms and some properties of the dominant variant of the horse liver enzyme

Purification of horse-liver polyol dehydrogenase (PDH) on DE52 anion-exchange cellulose reveals the presence of three fractions with enzyme activity. These appear in the breakthrough volume (PDH-3) and the salt gradient (PDH-1, -2) respectively. The major band of activity (greater than approximately 90%) is found in the PDH-2 fraction. A reexamination of sheep-liver polyol dehydrogenase also reveals the presence of three bands of activity, with the dominant fraction (PDH-3) corresponding to the preparation described by Smith (Biochem. J., 83, 135-144, (1962)). The interaction between horse-liver (and sheep-liver) PDH and Blue Sepharose CL-6B is found to be endothermic. This property is utilized in the final purification step. Horse-liver PDH-2 has a molecular/subunit weight of approximately 85,000/approximately 28,000, a Stokes' radius of 3.8 nm, and an isoelectric point of 7.4.