杂交构树UDP-葡萄糖脱氢酶基因编码蛋白的亚细胞定位及其启动子5'端缺失片段的功能分析

为了研究杂交构树UDP-葡萄糖脱氢酶基因（DDBJ，BpUGDH基因登录号为LC457701）启动子不同区域的表达活性，利用5'端缺失及同源重组实验技术，将5个不同长度的BpUGDH启动子5'端缺失片段与GUS基因连接，并通过农杆菌介导法瞬时转化烟草；同时，为了定位BpUGDH基因编码的蛋白在细胞中表达的具体位置，利用GFP报告基因融合目的基因进行蛋白质的亚细胞定位。结果显示：BpUGDH基因启动子-244 bp以内的序列均能介导GUS基因的诱导表达，并且-973、-465、-355、-281和-244 bp之间的区域可能对BpUGDH基因启动子的活性发挥着至关重要的作用。另外，BpUGDH基因编码蛋白的亚细胞定位结果显示：BpUGDH位于叶绿体中。     

The Nature and Extent of Mutational Pleiotropy in Gene Expression of Male Drosophila serrata

The nature and extent of mutational pleiotropy remain largely unknown, despite the central role that pleiotropy plays in many areas of biology, including human disease, agricultural production, and evolution. Here, we investigate the variation in 11,604 gene expression traits among 41 mutation accumulation (MA) lines of Drosophila serrata. We first confirmed that these expression phenotypes were heritable, detecting genetic variation in 96% of them in an outbred, natural population of D. serrata. Among the MA lines, 3385 (29%) of expression traits were variable, with a mean mutational heritability of 0.0005. In most traits, variation was generated by mutations of relatively small phenotypic effect; putative mutations with effects of greater than one phenotypic standard deviation were observed for only 8% of traits. With most (71%) traits unaffected by any mutation, our data provide no support for universal pleiotropy. We further characterized mutational pleiotropy in the 3385 variable traits, using sets of 5, randomly assigned, traits. Covariance among traits chosen at random with respect to their biological function is expected only if pleiotropy is extensive. Taking an analytical approach in which the variance unique to each trait in the random 5-trait sets was partitioned from variance shared among traits, we detected significant (at 5% false discovery rate) mutational covariance in 21% of sets. This frequency of statistically supported covariance implied that at least some mutations must pleiotropically affect a substantial number of traits (>70; 0.6% of all measured traits).