全文获取类型
收费全文 | 208篇 |
免费 | 21篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 7篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1938年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有229条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Andrew J. Dugmore Douglas M. Borthwick Mike J. Church Alastair Dawson Kevin J. Edwards Christian Keller Paul Mayewski Thomas H. McGovern Kerry-Anne Mairs Guðrún Sveinbjarnardóttir 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(2):169-178
In order to assess possible contributions of climate change to the human ecology of the North Atlantic islands we evaluate
the utility of cumulative deviations from the mean, calculated for the Greenland ice core storm frequency proxy (GISP2 Na+) and sea ice proxy (GISP2 chloride excess). Our aim is to identify episodes of unpredictable change in the context of long-term
trends of cultural and environmental development. Key changes are identified in the proxy climate records in 975 and 980 ad, 1025 and 1040 ad, 1180 ad, 1425 and 1450 ad, and 1520 and 1525 ad. Some of these changes are consistent with those inferred from new studies of the palaeoecological record of the Faroes.
This indicates that the cumulative deviation measure could give greatest prominence to the most important climate changes
affecting landscapes and settlement (such as the changes of 1425 and 1450 ad and their immediate aftermath), rather than extreme events, such as great single storms. 相似文献
22.
Huang YT Lin X Chirieac LR McGovern R Wain JC Heist RS Skaug V Zienolddiny S Haugen A Su L Christiani DC 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e22961
Lung cancer, of which more than 80% is non-small cell, is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Copy number alterations (CNAs) in lung cancer have been shown to be positionally clustered in certain genomic regions. However, it remains unclear whether genes with copy number changes are functionally clustered. Using a dense single nucleotide polymorphism array, we performed genome-wide copy number analyses of a large collection of non-small cell lung tumors (n = 301). We proposed a formal statistical test for CNAs between different groups (e.g., non-involved lung vs. tumors, early vs. late stage tumors). We also customized the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) algorithm to investigate the overrepresentation of genes with CNAs in predefined biological pathways and gene sets (i.e., functional clustering). We found that CNAs events increase substantially from germline, early stage to late stage tumor. In addition to genomic position, CNAs tend to occur away from the gene locations, especially in germline, non-involved tissue and early stage tumors. Such tendency decreases from germline to early stage and then to late stage tumors, suggesting a relaxation of selection during tumor progression. Furthermore, genes with CNAs in non-small cell lung tumors were enriched in certain gene sets and biological pathways that play crucial roles in oncogenesis and cancer progression, demonstrating the functional aspect of CNAs in the context of biological pathways that were overlooked previously. We conclude that CNAs increase with disease progression and CNAs are both positionally and functionally clustered. The potential functional capabilities acquired via CNAs may be sufficient for normal cells to transform into malignant cells. 相似文献
23.
24.
Dhillon H Zigman JM Ye C Lee CE McGovern RA Tang V Kenny CD Christiansen LM White RD Edelstein EA Coppari R Balthasar N Cowley MA Chua S Elmquist JK Lowell BB 《Neuron》2006,49(2):191-203
Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, acts directly on the brain to control food intake and energy expenditure. An important question is the identity of first-order neurons initiating leptin's anti-obesity effects. A widely held view is that most, if not all, of leptin's effects are mediated by neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, leptin receptors (LEPRs) are expressed in other sites as well, including the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The possible role of leptin acting in "nonarcuate" sites has largely been ignored. In the present study, we show that leptin depolarizes and increases the firing rate of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1)-positive neurons in the VMH. We also show, by generating mice that lack LEPRs on SF1-positive neurons, that leptin action at this site plays an important role in reducing body weight and, of note, in resisting diet-induced obesity. These results reveal a critical role for leptin action on VMH neurons. 相似文献
25.
This study was performed to determine whether the viscoelastic behavior of ligaments persists at high rates of loading, such as those associated with sports-related trauma or motor vehicle accidents. Medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) from 22 skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were tensile tested quasi-statically and via two impact conditions at displacement rates of 0.17 mm/s (n=22), 640+/-160 mm/s (n=10) and 2500+/-270 mm/s (n=12) (corresponding to strain rates of approximately 1.0%/s, 3660%/s and 14,000%/s, respectively). Despite dramatic increases in displacement rate, only a modest strain-rate effect was observed when the specimens tested quasi-statically were compared to those tested via impact (24% and 37% increases in stiffness and failure load, respectively). There were no differences in the structural (e.g. 145+/-30 and 136+/-29 N/mm stiffness values, respectively) or failure properties (e.g. 434+/-91 and 443+/-154 N failure load values, respectively) of the two impact-tested groups. Our findings suggest that the rabbit MCL is not viscoelastic at loading rates approximating those associated with high-energy trauma. 相似文献
26.
Molecular simulations are used to examine the aggregation behavior of several β-peptides in explicit water. The particular peptides considered here adopt a helical, rodlike conformation in aqueous solution. Four distinct molecular sequences are considered. Earlier experimental studies have revealed the formation of ordered and disordered aggregates for such molecules, depending on sequence. The simulations reported here, which are conducted by resorting to metadynamics techniques, lead to free energy surfaces for dimerization of the peptides in water as a function of separation and relative orientation. Such surfaces are used to identify the molecular origins for the behaviors observed in the experiments. 相似文献
27.
28.
Kenny EE Pe'er I Karban A Ozelius L Mitchell AA Ng SM Erazo M Ostrer H Abraham C Abreu MT Atzmon G Barzilai N Brant SR Bressman S Burns ER Chowers Y Clark LN Darvasi A Doheny D Duerr RH Eliakim R Giladi N Gregersen PK Hakonarson H Jones MR Marder K McGovern DP Mulle J Orr-Urtreger A Proctor DD Pulver A Rotter JI Silverberg MS Ullman T Warren ST Waterman M Zhang W Bergman A Mayer L Katz S Desnick RJ Cho JH Peter I 《PLoS genetics》2012,8(3):e1002559
Crohn''s disease (CD) is a complex disorder resulting from the interaction of intestinal microbiota with the host immune system in genetically susceptible individuals. The largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association to date identified 71 CD–susceptibility loci in individuals of European ancestry. An important epidemiological feature of CD is that it is 2–4 times more prevalent among individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) descent compared to non-Jewish Europeans (NJ). To explore genetic variation associated with CD in AJs, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) by combining raw genotype data across 10 AJ cohorts consisting of 907 cases and 2,345 controls in the discovery stage, followed up by a replication study in 971 cases and 2,124 controls. We confirmed genome-wide significant associations of 9 known CD loci in AJs and replicated 3 additional loci with strong signal (p<5×10−6). Novel signals detected among AJs were mapped to chromosomes 5q21.1 (rs7705924, combined p = 2×10−8; combined odds ratio OR = 1.48), 2p15 (rs6545946, p = 7×10−9; OR = 1.16), 8q21.11 (rs12677663, p = 2×10−8; OR = 1.15), 10q26.3 (rs10734105, p = 3×10−8; OR = 1.27), and 11q12.1 (rs11229030, p = 8×10−9; OR = 1.15), implicating biologically plausible candidate genes, including RPL7, CPAMD8, PRG2, and PRG3. In all, the 16 replicated and newly discovered loci, in addition to the three coding NOD2 variants, accounted for 11.2% of the total genetic variance for CD risk in the AJ population. This study demonstrates the complementary value of genetic studies in the Ashkenazim. 相似文献
29.
S O'Neil S Coulton P Deluca M Deverill C Drummond E Gilvarry E Graybill C Harle D Howel E Kaner P McArdle E McColl R McGovern C Speed E Stamp L Tate D Newbury-Birch 《Trials》2012,13(1):166
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Whilst the overall proportion of young people drinking alcohol in the United Kingdom has decreased in recent years, those who do drink appear to drink a larger amount, and more frequently. Early and heavy drinking by younger adolescents is a significant public health problem linked to intellectual impairment, increased risk of injuries, mental health issues, unprotected or regretted sexual experience, violence, and sometimes accidental death, which leads to high social and economic costs. This feasibility pilot trial aims to explore the feasibility of delivering brief alcohol intervention in a school setting with adolescents aged 14 and 15 and to examine the acceptability of study measures to school staff, young people and parents.Methods and designSeven schools across one geographical area in the North East of England will be recruited. Schools will be randomly allocated to one of three conditions: provision of an advice leaflet (control condition, n = 2 schools); a 30-minute brief interactive session, which combines structured advice and motivational interviewing techniques delivered by the school learning mentor (level 1 condition, n = 2 schools); and a 60-minute session involving family members delivered by the school learning mentor (level 2 condition, n = 3 schools). Participants will be year 10 school pupils (aged 14 and 15) who screen positively on a single alcohol screening question and who consent to take part in the trial. Year 10 pupils in all seven schools will be followed up at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcome measures include the ten-question Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test. The EQ-5D-Y and a modified short service use questionnaire will inform the health and social resource costs for any future economic evaluation.Young people recruited into the trial will also complete a 28-day timeline follow back questionnaire at 12-month follow-up. A qualitative evaluation (with young people, school staff, learning mentors, and parents) will examine facilitators and barriers to the use of screening and brief intervention approaches in the school setting in this age group.Trial registrationTrial reference number ISRCTN07073105. 相似文献
30.
P T McGovern 《Journal of reproduction and fertility》1973,34(2):215-220