基因治疗慢病毒载体的转导增强策略*

基于慢病毒载体的体外基因治疗已在临床试验中取得良好的效果,有望治愈一些造血系统的单基因遗传病。通过提高靶细胞转导效率和减少转导中病毒载体量,基因治疗有效性、安全性和成本都可以得到改善。不同包膜糖蛋白伪型慢病毒载体通过与细胞膜表面的不同受体结合,促进病毒黏附和入胞,增强不同靶细胞的病毒转导效率。此外病毒转导增强剂可以在病毒进入细胞过程或进入后发挥作用,在提高转导效率的同时使靶转导基因在体内长期稳定表达。通过对这两类方法的总结回顾,旨在为慢病毒载体的转导效率提供新的优化策略,使基因治疗得到更广泛的应用。     

Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers

Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides,and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.     

基于流式细胞术和K-mer分析的银缕梅属(Parrotia C.A.Mey.)植物基因组大小测定

金缕梅科(Hamamelidaceae)银缕梅属(Parrotia C.A.Mey.)仅包含银缕梅(Parrotia subaequalis(H.T.Chang)R.M.Hao&H.T.Wei)和波斯铁木(Parrotia persica(DC.)C.A.Mey.)两种落叶阔叶乔木,其中银缕梅是我国华东地区特有的Ⅰ级濒危珍稀保护植物,属东亚第三纪孑遗成分;其姊妹种波斯铁木则间断分布于伊朗北部,属北极第三纪孑遗植物类群。本研究首次利用流式细胞术和K-mer分析方法对银缕梅属两姊妹种的基因组大小进行了测定,建立和优化了以萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.‘Saxa’)为内标、WPB(Woody plant buffer)为细胞核解离液的两种植物单倍体基因组的DNA含量(DNA C值)流式测定的适宜体系,旨在为金缕梅科银缕梅属植物的全基因组测序、基因组学研究、种质资源开发和利用以及物种保育等提供前期基础数据参考;同时也可为金缕梅科其他属、种的基因组大小测定提供借鉴。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过流式测定银缕梅基因组大小约为971.45±13.91 Mb,波斯铁木基因组大小约为890.52±24.69 Mb;(2)K-mer分析估测银缕梅基因组大小为951.70 Mb,杂合率为1.740%,重复序列比例为77.50%;波斯铁木基因组大小为858.50 Mb,杂合率为0.695%,重复序列占74.30%;(3)银缕梅属于高杂合和高重复基因组,波斯铁木则属于微杂合和高重复基因组。本研究的结果为银缕梅属植物后续基于DNA三代高通量测序技术的全基因组测序、组装及去冗余处理等工作提供了重要的数据参考。     

卵巢早衰患者血清抑制素B、抗苗勒管激素及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨卵巢早衰(POF)患者血清抑制素B(INHB)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性。方法:选择2018年5月至2020年5月期间我院收治的126例POF患者(POF组)和同期于我院进行体检的85例健康女性志愿者(对照组)。检测所有研究对象血清INHB、AMH以及促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,经阴道多普勒超声检测子宫动脉血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV),血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]。Pearson相关性分析POF患者血清INHB、AMH、LH、FSH、E2水平与PSV、EDV、RI、PI的相关性。结果:POF组血清INHB、AMH、E2水平、PSV、EDV低于对照组(P<0.05),LH、FSH水平、RI、PI高于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平与PSV、EDV呈正相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈负相关(P<0.05),LH、FSH与PSV、EDV呈负相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平降低,LH、FSH水平升高,血清INHB、AMH和性激素与子宫动脉血流受限有关。     

Lipidomics Reveals Early Metabolic Changes in Subjects with Schizophrenia: Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics

There is a critical need for mapping early metabolic changes in schizophrenia to capture failures in regulation of biochemical pathways and networks. This information could provide valuable insights about disease mechanisms, trajectory of disease progression, and diagnostic biomarkers. We used a lipidomics platform to measure individual lipid species in 20 drug-naïve patients with a first episode of schizophrenia (FE group), 20 patients with chronic schizophrenia that had not adhered to prescribed medications (RE group), and 29 race-matched control subjects without schizophrenia. Lipid metabolic profiles were evaluated and compared between study groups and within groups before and after treatment with atypical antipsychotics, risperidone and aripiprazole. Finally, we mapped lipid profiles to n3 and n6 fatty acid synthesis pathways to elucidate which enzymes might be affected by disease and treatment. Compared to controls, the FE group showed significant down-regulation of several n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including 20:5n3, 22:5n3, and 22:6n3 within the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipid classes. Differences between FE and controls were only observed in the n3 class PUFAs; no differences where noted in n6 class PUFAs. The RE group was not significantly different from controls, although some compositional differences within PUFAs were noted. Drug treatment was able to correct the aberrant PUFA levels noted in FE patients, but changes in re patients were not corrective. Treatment caused increases in both n3 and n6 class lipids. These results supported the hypothesis that phospholipid n3 fatty acid deficits are present early in the course of schizophrenia and tend not to persist throughout its course. These changes in lipid metabolism could indicate a metabolic vulnerability in patients with schizophrenia that occurs early in development of the disease.     

口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系

目的：通过检测肿瘤出芽、淋巴结转移以及血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF—C）表达水平,分析口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系,为临床治疗提供理论参考。方法：选取2009年1月-2013年1月4年间在我院接受诊治且资料完整63例口腔癌患者作为研究对象,观察肿瘤出芽、VEGF-C表达和淋巴结转移情况,分析相互之间的相关关系。结果：本次纳入研究的患者中,检出肿瘤出芽患者40例,所占比例为63．5％,VEGF—C表达阳性患者39例,阳性率率为61．9％,淋巴结转移患者40例,转移率为63．5％;肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移的符合率为84．1％,肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达符合率为79．4％,VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移发生的符合率为76．2％。肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．932,P〈0．05,与VEGF-C的表达也呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．897,P〈0．05。结论：肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达水平和淋巴结转移均呈正相关关系,可用于预测判断口腔癌淋巴结转移情况。     

Improved Detection of Common Variants Associated with Schizophrenia by Leveraging Pleiotropy with Cardiovascular-Disease Risk Factors

Several lines of evidence suggest that genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have the potential to explain more of the “missing heritability” of common complex phenotypes. However, reliable methods for identifying a larger proportion of SNPs are currently lacking. Here, we present a genetic-pleiotropy-informed method for improving gene discovery with the use of GWAS summary-statistics data. We applied this methodology to identify additional loci associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), a highly heritable disorder with significant missing heritability. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest comorbidity between SCZ and cardiovascular-disease (CVD) risk factors, including systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and type 2 diabetes. Using stratified quantile-quantile plots, we show enrichment of SNPs associated with SCZ as a function of the association with several CVD risk factors and a corresponding reduction in false discovery rate (FDR). We validate this “pleiotropic enrichment” by demonstrating increased replication rate across independent SCZ substudies. Applying the stratified FDR method, we identified 25 loci associated with SCZ at a conditional FDR level of 0.01. Of these, ten loci are associated with both SCZ and CVD risk factors, mainly triglycerides and low- and high-density lipoproteins but also waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Together, these findings suggest the feasibility of using genetic-pleiotropy-informed methods for improving gene discovery in SCZ and identifying potential mechanistic relationships with various CVD risk factors.     

太子参红外指纹图谱的双指标序列分析

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参甲醇提取物,获得不同产地太子参栽培品的FTIR指纹图谱,并对指纹图谱进行了相似度的计算,同时结合(共有峰率,变异峰率)双指标序列分析方法,对不同产地太子参的FTIR光谱进行了研究。结果表明,该方法所建立的太子参FTIR指纹图谱能够区分栽培品和野生品的差异,双指标序列分析法能够为产区间和产区内太子参品质差异提供参考,两种分析方法结合可为该药材的质量分析、评价与控制提供依据。     

单纯疱疹病毒1型引起的发热出疹性疾病需要与手足口病进行鉴别

对2008年在甘肃省发生的一起疑似手足口病(HFMD)的发热出疹性疾病的流行进行病原体的实验室检测,明确引起这起传染病流行的病原体。从4名发热出疹患者采集的8份临床标本中(每个患者采集咽拭子和疱疹液标本),首先将临床标本接种到RD和HEp-2细胞上进行病毒分离,对病毒分离阳性的标本提取病毒核酸,然后使用荧光定量-逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)进行人肠道病毒(HEV)核酸的检测。对HEV检测结果阴性的标本采用序列非依赖的单引物扩增技术(SISPA)进行"未知病原体"的鉴定。分离到的6株病毒均鉴定为单纯疱疹病毒I型(HSV-1),结合分析这起流行中患者的临床表现、流行病学调查结果以及实验室检测结果,表明HSV-1是引起这起发热出疹性疾病流行的病原体。6株HSV-1的gG区核苷酸和氨基酸水平上差异都较小,同源性分别高达98.8%和97.9%,说明这起疫情是由同一个病毒传播链引起的。HSV-1等病毒引起的发热出疹性疾病需要与HFMD进行鉴别诊断,由于仅从临床症状和流行病学资料上判断引起发热出疹性疾病的病原体是非常困难的,因此,必须依赖于实验室的诊断。