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31.
Differential Synthesis of Photosystem Cores and Light-Harvesting Antenna during Proplastid to Chloroplast Development in Spirodela oligorrhiza 下载免费PDF全文
Proplastids and etioplasts are common starting points for monitoring chloroplast development in higher plants. Although proplastids are the primary precursor of chloroplasts, most proplastid to chloroplast systems are cumbersome to study temporally. Conversely, the etioplast to chloroplast transition is initiated by light and is readily examined as a function of time. Etioplasts, however, are found mostly in plants germinated in the dark and are not an obligatory step in chloroplast development. We have chosen to study chloroplast ontogeny in Spirodela oligorrhiza (Kurtz) Hegelm (a C3-monocot) because of its unique ability to grow indefinitely in the dark. Ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular evidence is presented in support of a temporal, light-triggered proplastid to chloroplast transition in Spirodela. The dark-grown plants are devoid of chlorophyll, and upon illumination synchronously green over a 3- to 5-day period. Synthesis of chloroplast proteins involved in photosynthesis is coincident with thylakoid assembly, chlorophyll accumulation, and appearance of CO2 fixation activity. Interestingly, the developmental sequence in Spirodela was slow enough to reveal that biosynthesis of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein precedes biosynthesis of the major light-harvesting antenna proteins. This, coupled with the high chlorophyll a/b ratio observed early in development, indicated that reaction center assembly occurred prior to accumulation of the light-harvesting complexes. Thus, with Spirodela one can study proplastid to chloroplast conversions temporally in higher plants and follow the process on a time scale that enables a detailed dissection of plastid maturation processes. 相似文献
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Sasha Daskalova Alex McCormac Nigel Scott Harry Van Onckelen Malcolm Elliott 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,51(3):217-229
A transgenic approach to manipulation of endosperm development has been investigated. Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, an endosperm-containing dicotyledon, has been used as a model plant and the 2.6 kb wheat high molecular weight
(HMW) glutenin subunit 12 promoter has been used fused either to the gus reporter gene (HMWgus construct)—to study promoter characteristics—or to the Agrobacterium ipt gene—to study the effect of cytokinin (CK) over-expression on assimilate accumulation in the seed. In transgenic tobacco
the promoter:gus fusion showed that HMW is an endosperm-specific promoter with maximum expression 20 days after anthesis (DAA), corresponding
to the mid to late stages of seed development. Transgenic plants containing the HMWipt construct showed no morphological abnormalities but they had an average increase in seed weight and total ethanol-insoluble
carbohydrates and protein content of 8.1%, 7.0% and 8.3%, respectively. SDS PAGE analysis demonstrated that the effect on
protein accumulation was non-specific. The highest values of the parameters analysed correlated with moderate increases in
the levels of biologically active CKs. These results suggest that ectopic expression of small amounts of CKs can be used to
increase storage assimilate accumulation without a detrimental effect on development. 相似文献
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Schofield DJ Pope AR Clementel V Buckell J Chapple SDj Clarke KF Conquer JS Crofts AM Crowther SR Dyson MR Flack G Griffin GJ Hooks Y Howat WJ Kolb-Kokocinski A Kunze S Martin CD Maslen GL Mitchell JN O'Sullivan M Perera RL Roake W Shadbolt SP Vincent KJ Warford A Wilson WE Xie J Young JL McCafferty J 《Genome biology》2007,8(11):R254-18
We have created a high quality phage display library containing over 1010 human antibodies and describe its use in the generation of antibodies on an unprecedented scale. We have selected, screened and sequenced over 38,000 recombinant antibodies to 292 antigens, yielding over 7,200 unique clones. 4,400 antibodies were characterized by specificity testing and detailed sequence analysis and the data/clones are available online. Sensitive detection was demonstrated in a bead based flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, positive staining by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays was found for 37% (143/381) of antibodies. Thus, we have demonstrated the potential of and illuminated the issues associated with genome-wide monoclonal antibody generation. 相似文献
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