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21.
Angelika B?ttger Andrew C. Doxey Michael W. Hess Kristian Pfaller Willi Salvenmoser Rainer Deutzmann Andreas Geissner Barbara Pauly Johannes Altst?tter Sandra Münder Astrid Heim Hans-Joachim Gabius Brendan J. McConkey Charles N. David 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
The single-cell layered ectoderm of the fresh water polyp Hydra fulfills the function of an epidermis by protecting the animals from the surrounding medium. Its outer surface is covered by a fibrous structure termed the cuticle layer, with similarity to the extracellular surface coats of mammalian epithelia. In this paper we have identified molecular components of the cuticle. We show that its outermost layer contains glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans and we have identified chondroitin and chondroitin-6-sulfate chains. In a search for proteins that could be involved in organising this structure we found PPOD proteins and several members of a protein family containing only SWT (sweet tooth) domains. Structural analyses indicate that PPODs consist of two tandem β-trefoil domains with similarity to carbohydrate-binding sites found in lectins. Experimental evidence confirmed that PPODs can bind sulfated glycans and are secreted into the cuticle layer from granules localized under the apical surface of the ectodermal epithelial cells. PPODs are taxon-specific proteins which appear to have entered the Hydra genome by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. Their acquisition at the time Hydra evolved from a marine ancestor may have been critical for the transition to the freshwater environment. 相似文献
22.
R S Amos T J Constable R A Crockson A P Crockson B McConkey 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1977,1(6055):195-197
Serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were measured in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographical damage, based on a count of erosions, was significantly more likely to occur when serum CRP and ESR were persistently raised, irrespective of the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor. Measurements of both CRP and ESR were more helpful than either alone, but CRP was probably the more informative. Serial measurements of CRP and ESR provide a reliable means of discriminating between drugs that provide symptomatic relief only and those with a more profound effect in rheumatoid arthritis. 相似文献
23.
Amiloride does not alter NaCl avoidance in Fischer-344 rats 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Fischer-344 (F-344) rats differ from other common rat strains in that they
fail to show any preference for NaCl at any concentration in two- bottle
preference tests. Because 100 microM amiloride partially blocks the
NaCl-evoked chorda tympani (CT) response in electrophysiological studies,
we tested NaCl preference (0.068-0.273 M) in F-344 rats with and without
100 microM amiloride solution as the solvent. A third group was tested with
unadulterated NaCl solutions following CT transection. Amiloride had no
significant effect on the NaCl preference-aversion function, whereas CT
transection significantly reduced NaCl avoidance. These results suggest
that the amiloride-sensitive component of the NaCl response is not
necessary for F-344 rats to display avoidance of NaCl, but the entire CT
input is.
相似文献
24.
The kinetics of entry of [3H]adenosine into ATP, cellular RNA, and nuclear RNA of mouse L cells were determined and analyzed. A molar accumulation curve for RNA was estimated from the specific radioactivities of RNA and ATP; this curve was resolved graphically into stable and unstable components. The stability of the unstable component (mostly heterogeneous nuclear RNA) was estimated by applying first-order decay analysis. Heterogeneous, nuclear RNA decays with an apparently uniform half-life of 23 minutes, considerably greater than some previous estimates. It is synthesized at an instantaneous rate of 5.4 × 10?2 pg/cell per minute and reaches a steady-state level of 1.8 pg/cell in the nucleus, or 7% of the total cellular RNA. Only about 2% of the heterogeneous RNA synthesized in L cells enters polysomes as messenger RNA. The implications of these values are discussed with reference to similarly determined values for sea urchin embryos. 相似文献
25.
Ie-Bin Lian Yi-Hsien Lin Ying-Chao Lin Hsin-Chou Yang Chee-Jang Chang Cathy SJ Fann 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):246
Background
Association testing is a powerful tool for identifying disease susceptibility genes underlying complex diseases. Technological advances have yielded a dramatic increase in the density of available genetic markers, necessitating an increase in the number of association tests required for the analysis of disease susceptibility genes. As such, multiple-tests corrections have become a critical issue. However the conventional statistical corrections on locus-specific multiple tests usually result in lower power as the number of markers increases. Alternatively, we propose here the application of the longest significant run (LSR) method to estimate a region-specific p-value to provide an index for the most likely candidate region. 相似文献26.
Hsin-Chou Yang Mei-Chu Huang Ling-Hui Li Chien-Hsing Lin Alice LT Yu Mitchell B Diccianni Jer-Yuarn Wu Yuan-Tsong Chen Cathy SJ Fann 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):196
Background
Microarray-based pooled DNA experiments that combine the merits of DNA pooling and gene chip technology constitute a pivotal advance in biotechnology. This new technique uses pooled DNA, thereby reducing costs associated with the typing of DNA from numerous individuals. Moreover, use of an oligonucleotide gene chip reduces costs related to processing various DNA segments (e.g., primers, reagents). Thus, the technique provides an overall cost-effective solution for large-scale genomic/genetic research. However, few publicly shared tools are available to systematically analyze the rapidly accumulating volume of whole-genome pooled DNA data. 相似文献27.
JF Yuan SJ Zhang O Jafer RA Furlong OE Chausiaux CA Sargent GH Zhang NA Affara 《BMC microbiology》2009,9(1):246
Background
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesviruses whose native host is pig. PRV infection mainly causes signs of central nervous system disorder in young pigs, and respiratory system diseases in the adult. 相似文献28.
Litter decay controlled by temperature,not soil properties,affecting future soil carbon 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Edward G. Gregorich Henry Janzen Benjamin H. Ellert Bobbi L. Helgason Budong Qian Bernie J. Zebarth Denis A. Angers Ronald P. Beyaert Craig F. Drury Scott D. Duguid William E. May Brian G. McConkey Miles F. Dyck 《Global Change Biology》2017,23(4):1725-1734
Widespread global changes, including rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate warming and loss of biodiversity, are predicted for this century; all of these will affect terrestrial ecosystem processes like plant litter decomposition. Conversely, increased plant litter decomposition can have potential carbon‐cycle feedbacks on atmospheric CO2 levels, climate warming and biodiversity. But predicting litter decomposition is difficult because of many interacting factors related to the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, as well as to climate and agricultural management practices. We applied 13C‐labelled plant litter to soil at ten sites spanning a 3500‐km transect across the agricultural regions of Canada and measured its decomposition over five years. Despite large differences in soil type and climatic conditions, we found that the kinetics of litter decomposition were similar once the effect of temperature had been removed, indicating no measurable effect of soil properties. A two‐pool exponential decay model expressing undecomposed carbon simply as a function of thermal time accurately described kinetics of decomposition. (R2 = 0.94; RMSE = 0.0508). Soil properties such as texture, cation exchange capacity, pH and moisture, although very different among sites, had minimal discernible influence on decomposition kinetics. Using this kinetic model under different climate change scenarios, we projected that the time required to decompose 50% of the litter (i.e. the labile fractions) would be reduced by 1–4 months, whereas time required to decompose 90% of the litter (including recalcitrant fractions) would be reduced by 1 year in cooler sites to as much as 2 years in warmer sites. These findings confirm quantitatively the sensitivity of litter decomposition to temperature increases and demonstrate how climate change may constrain future soil carbon storage, an effect apparently not influenced by soil properties. 相似文献
29.
Background
Second-generation sequencers generate millions of relatively short, but error-prone, reads. These errors make sequence assembly and other downstream projects more challenging. Correcting these errors improves the quality of assemblies and projects which benefit from error-free reads.Results
We have developed a general-purpose error corrector that corrects errors introduced by Illumina, Ion Torrent, and Roche 454 sequencing technologies and can be applied to single- or mixed-genome data. In addition to correcting substitution errors, we locate and correct insertion, deletion, and homopolymer errors while remaining sensitive to low coverage areas of sequencing projects. Using published data sets, we correct 94% of Illumina MiSeq errors, 88% of Ion Torrent PGM errors, 85% of Roche 454 GS Junior errors. Introduced errors are 20 to 70 times more rare than successfully corrected errors. Furthermore, we show that the quality of assemblies improves when reads are corrected by our software.Conclusions
Pollux is highly effective at correcting errors across platforms, and is consistently able to perform as well or better than currently available error correction software. Pollux provides general-purpose error correction and may be used in applications with or without assembly. 相似文献30.
Lindsay A. Matthews Rajeevan Selvaratnam Darryl R. Jones Madoka Akimoto Brendan J. McConkey Giuseppe Melacini Bernard P. Duncker Alba Guarné 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(5):2589-2599
Forkhead-associated (FHA) and BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains are overrepresented in DNA damage and replication stress response proteins. They function primarily as phosphoepitope recognition modules but can also mediate non-canonical interactions. The latter are rare, and only a few have been studied at a molecular level. We have identified a crucial non-canonical interaction between the N-terminal FHA1 domain of the checkpoint effector kinase Rad53 and the BRCT domain of the regulatory subunit of the Dbf4-dependent kinase that is critical to suppress late origin firing and to stabilize stalled forks during replication stress. The Rad53-Dbf4 interaction is phosphorylation-independent and involves a novel non-canonical interface on the FHA1 domain. Mutations within this surface result in hypersensitivity to genotoxic stress. Importantly, this surface is not conserved in the FHA2 domain of Rad53, suggesting that the FHA domains of Rad53 gain specificity by engaging additional interaction interfaces beyond their phosphoepitope-binding site. In general, our results point to FHA domains functioning as complex logic gates rather than mere phosphoepitope-targeting modules. 相似文献