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排序方式: 共有516条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
131.
Kevin W McCabe 《MABS-AUSTIN》2009,1(4):382-384
Patents provide one of the few protections companies can avail themselves of to help protect their therapeutic monoclonal antibody products. Just as the therapeutic monoclonal antibody field is constantly evolving, so too is the legal environment surrounding these inventions. In a series of articles, the general state of the law surrounding therapeutic antibodies will be explained, and important challenges to this technology area will be discussed. Much is at stake when companies market therapeutic monoclonal antibodies; therefore, a firm understanding of this important form of protection is critically important for anyone developing such products.Key words: patent, therapeutic, monoclonal antibodies, KSR, life cycle management 相似文献
132.
The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an established model system used for the study of synaptic development and plasticity. The widespread use of the Drosophila motor system is due to its high accessibility. It can be analyzed with single-cell resolution. There are 30 muscles per hemisegment whose arrangement within the peripheral body wall are known. A total of 31 motor neurons attach to these muscles in a pattern that has high fidelity. Using molecular biology and genetics, one can create transgenic animals or mutants. Then, one can study the developmental consequences on the morphology and function of the NMJ. Immunohistochemistry can be used to clearly image the components of the NMJ. In this article, we demonstrate how to use antibody staining to visualize the Drosophila larval NMJ. 相似文献
133.
134.
Keith J. Murphy Judith P. F. Ter Horst Andrew W. Cassidy Ian E. J. DeSouza Marina Morgunova Christine Li Laura M. Connole Niamh C. O’Sullivan Jennifer S. Loscher Angela T. Brady Nanette Rombach Joanna Connellan Paul A. McGettigan Darren Scully Rocio Fedriani Bartlomiej Lukasz Mary P. Moran Olive M. McCabe Caitlin M. Wantuch Zoe A. Hughes Sean K. Mulvany Desmond G. Higgins Menelas N. Pangalos Karen L. Marquis William T. O’Connor Robert H. Ring David Von Schack Ciaran M. Regan 《Journal of neurochemistry》2010,113(3):601-614
135.
Alex G. McKee Jennifer S. Loscher Niamh C. O’Sullivan Naomi Chadderton Arpad Palfi Laura Batti Graham K. Sheridan Sean O’Shea Mary Moran Olive McCabe Alfonso Blanco Fernández Menelas N. Pangalos John J. O’Connor Ciaran M. Regan William T. O’Connor Peter Humphries G. Jane Farrar Keith J. Murphy 《Journal of neurochemistry》2010,112(4):991-1004
136.
Theresa J. Reape Paul F. McCabe 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2010,15(3):249-256
In plants, apoptotic-like programmed cell death (PCD) can be distinguished from other forms of plant cell death by protoplast
condensation that results in a morphologically distinct cell corpse. In addition, there is a central regulatory role for the
mitochondria and the degradation of the cell and its contents by PCD associated proteases. These distinguishing features are
shared with animal apoptosis as it is probable that plant and animal cell death programmes arose in a shared unicellular ancestor.
However, animal and plant cell death pathways are not completely conserved. The cell death programmes may have been further
modified after the divergence of plant and animal lineages leading to converged, or indeed unique, features of their respective
cell death programmes. In this review we will examine the features of apoptotic-like PCD in plants and examine the probable
conserved components such as mitochondrial regulation through the release of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane
space, the possible conserved or converged features such as “caspase-like” molecules which drive cellular destruction and
the emerging unique features of plant PCD such as chloroplast involvement in cell death regulation. 相似文献
137.
Porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated using both nano hydroxyapatite (nano HA) powder (20 nm average particle size) and micro HA powder (10 microm average particle size), resulting in sintered scaffolds of 59 vol% porosity and 8.6 +/- 1.9 microm average grain size and 72 vol% porosity and 588 +/- 55nm average grain size, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure both the grain size and pore size. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast (OB) attachment and proliferation on both nano HA and micro HA porous scaffolds were quantified. As expected, OB cell number was greater on nano HA scaffolds compared with similarly processed micro HA scaffolds 5 days after seeding, while OB attachment did not appear greater on the nano HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 相似文献
138.
J. Terrence McCabe 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》1987,15(4):371-389
From 1980–1985, the Turkana District of Kenya experienced both drought and above average rainfall. The effects of a 2-year drought on the livestock population of the nomadic pastoral Ngisonyoka are discussed. Detailed data on mortality rates and offtake are presented for the animals of four herd owners, and the recovery process is followed for the 5-year period for one herd owner. It is concluded that during the drought, 63% of the cattle, 45% of the camels, and 55% of the small stock left the sample herds. The livestock population of one herd had recovered to pre-drought levels 3 years after the drought. 相似文献
139.
The acquisition of competence is a key mechanism for refining global signals to distinct spatial and temporal responses. The molecular basis of competence, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the beta FTZ-F1 orphan nuclear receptor functions as a competence factor for stage-specific responses to the steroid hormone ecdysone during Drosophila metamorphosis. beta FTZ-F1 mutants pupariate normally in response to the late larval pulse of ecdysone but display defects in stage-specific responses to the subsequent ecdysone pulse in prepupae. The ecdysone-triggered genetic hierarchy that directs these developmental responses is severely attenuated in beta FTZ-F1 mutants, although ecdysone receptor expression is unaffected. This study define beta FTZ-F1 as an essential competence factor for stage-specific responses to a steroid signal and implicates interplay among nuclear receptors as a mechanism for achieving hormonal competence. 相似文献
140.
Thirkettle-Watts D McCabe TC Clifton R Moore C Finnegan PM Day DA Whelan J 《Plant physiology》2003,133(3):1158-1169
Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. In soybean (Glycine max), the three members of the gene family have been shown to be differentially expressed during normal plant development and in response to stresses. To examine the function of the Aox promoters, genomic fragments were obtained for all three soybean genes: Aox1, Aox2a, and Aox2b. The regions of these fragments immediately upstream of the coding regions were used to drive beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression during transient transformation of soybean suspension culture cells and stable transformation of Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of the GUS reporter genes in soybean cells were in agreement with the presence or absence of the various endogenous Aox proteins, determined by immunoblotting. Deletion of different portions of the upstream regions identified sequences responsible for both positive and negative regulation of Aox gene expression in soybean cells. Reporter gene analysis in Arabidopsis plants showed differential tissue expression patterns driven by the three upstream regions, similar to those reported for the endogenous proteins in soybean. The expression profiles of all five members of the Arabidopsis Aox gene family were examined also, to compare with GUS expression driven by the soybean upstream fragments. Even though the promoter activity of the upstream fragments from soybean Aox2a and Aox2b displayed the same tissue specificity in Arabidopsis as they do in soybean, the most prominently expressed endogenous genes in all tissues of Arabidopsis were of the Aox1 type. Thus although regulation of Aox expression generally appears to involve the same signals in different species, different orthologs of Aox may respond variously to these signals. A comparison of upstream sequences between soybean Aox genes and similarly expressed Arabidopsis Aox genes identified common motifs. 相似文献