DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF SELF-INDUCED ERUPTIONS

Self-induced eruptions are always expressions of an emotionally disturbed person. They cover a wide variety of injuries and include aggravation of preexisting dermatoses, neurotic excoriations, mucocutaneous changes from compulsive movements, factitial dermatitis and trichotillomania. The emotional disturbances in such patients range from mild psychoneuroses to severe psychoses. Attention should be focused primarily on the emotional disturbance. The management of psychotic patients is the domain of the psychiatrist. But those unsuitable for psychiatric care and persons with mild psychoneuroses—who fortunately constitute the majority among patients with self-inflicted eruptions—should remain with their dermatologist or general physician and get from him effective supportive psychotherapy in addition to such treatment for the self-induced damage to the skin as may be indicated.     

Parallele Veränderungen von Blattform und Chemismus bei somatischen Mutationen vonMentha

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Notch signaling induces either apoptosis or cell fate change in multiciliated cells during mucociliary tissue remodeling

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Die Mantelpapillen und Stacheln vonAcanthochiton fascicularis L. (Mollusca,Polyplacophora)

Zusammenfassung Struktur und Ultrastruktur der Papillen im Mantelepithel der PolyplacophoreAcanthochiton fascicularis werden beschrieben. Sie bestehen zu einem gro\en Teil aus Sekretzellen. In vielen Papillen sind Sehzellen vorhanden. Die Papillen bilden einen bis mehrere Stacheln aus. Ein organischer Becher verbindet den Kalkstachel mit einer Stachelzelle, hÄufig noch mit einer zweiten Zelle, die distal eine Cilie trÄgt. Sie sind Tastrezeptoren. Andere Stacheln dienen lediglich der Abwehr; sie können durch Muskeln bewegt werden. Diese Stacheln wachsen stÄndig basal nach, wÄhrend die Taststacheln nach einiger Zeit abgesto\en und durch neu von der Papille gebildete ersetzt werden. Ästheten und Mantelpapillen sind homologe Orgame.

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The mantle papillae and the spines inAcanthochiton fascicularis L. (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)

Summary Structure and ultrastructure of the papillae in the mantle epithelium of the polyplacophoranAcanthochiton fascicularis are described. They consist to a major part of various secretory cells. Visual cells occur frequently in the papillae. Each of these organs form up to a few spines which have basally a cup of organic material. This connects the calcareous spine with the spine cell and often with a second cell which has distally one cilium. They are tactile receptors. Other spines are only for the defense and can be moved by muscles. They continue to grow basally in contrast to the tactile spines which are pushed off after some time and replaced by new ones formed in the papillae. The aesthetes and the mantle papillae are homologous organs.

     

Longer duration of seasonal stratification contributes to widespread increases in lake hypoxia and anoxia

The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important attribute of aquatic ecosystems, influencing habitat, drinking water quality, biodiversity, nutrient biogeochemistry, and greenhouse gas emissions. While average summer DO concentrations are declining in lakes across the temperate zone, much remains unknown about seasonal factors contributing to deepwater DO losses. It is unclear whether declines are related to increasing rates of seasonal DO depletion or changes in seasonal stratification that limit re-oxygenation of deep waters. Furthermore, despite the presence of important biological and ecological DO thresholds, there has been no large-scale assessment of changes in the amount of habitat crossing these thresholds, limiting the ability to understand the consequences of observed DO losses. We used a dataset from >400 widely distributed lakes to identify the drivers of DO losses and quantify the frequency and volume of lake water crossing biologically and ecologically important threshold concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.5 mg/L. Our results show that while there were no consistent changes over time in seasonal DO depletion rates, over three-quarters of lakes exhibited an increase in the duration of stratification, providing more time for seasonal deepwater DO depletion to occur. As a result, most lakes have experienced summertime increases in the amount of water below all examined thresholds in deepwater DO concentration, with increases in the proportion of the water column below thresholds ranging between 0.9% and 1.7% per decade. In the 30-day period preceding the end of stratification, increases were greater at >2.2% per decade and >70% of analyzed lakes experienced increases in the amount of oxygen-depleted water. These results indicate ongoing climate-induced increases in the duration of stratification have already contributed to reduction of habitat for many species, likely increased internal nutrient loading, and otherwise altered lake chemistry. Future warming is likely to exacerbate these trends.