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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Sun Nyunt Wai Koji Nakayama Kenichi Umene Tetsuhiro Moriya Kazunobu Amako 《Molecular microbiology》1996,20(6):1127-1134
The ferritin-encoding gene (cft) of Campylobacter jejuni was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of cft had a 501 bp open reading frame for a protein with 167 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 19180 Da, and showed a high similarity to that of Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli ferritin genes. To determine the biological function of ferritin in C. jejuni, a ferritin-deficient mutant was constructed. The growth of ferritin-deficient strain SNA1 was clearly inhibited under iron deprivation. The ferritin-deficient mutant was more sensitive to killing by H2O2 and paraquat than the isogenic parent strain. These findings demonstrate that ferritin in C. jejuni makes a significant contribution to both iron storage and protection from intracellular iron overload, and resulting iron-mediated oxidative stress. 相似文献
92.
Kazunobu Amako Sun Nyunt Wai Akiko Umeda Mika Shigematsu Akemi Takade 《Microbiology and immunology》1996,40(10):749-754
The surfaces of the disrupted-cell surfaces of the Campylobacter jejuni strains FUM158432 and M1 were examined using the negative-staining technique and electron microscopy. The surfaces of the whole cells and the outer membranes were covered with small dark dots which, in some areas, were arranged in hexagonal patterns. The hexagonal arrangement was more clearly seen in extracted outer membrane. The size of each structure was measured based on a center-to-center distance with the adjacent structure, and was determined to be 9.9±0.9 nm. A profile of the proteins in the outer membrane by SDS-PAGE, performed in 0.1% SDS and at 100 C, showed 42 kDa proteins to comprise the major outer membrane protein of this bacterium. Digestion of the outer membrane materials with proteinase reduced this protein band in the SDS-PAGE, and the amount of dark dots on the electron micrograph indicated the structure to be the major outer membrane protein (porin) of this bacterium. The power spectrogram of a computer-assisted Fourier transformation of the hexagonally arranged porin proteins suggests that the porin has a trimeric structure rather than a monomeric one. 相似文献
93.
Maung AA Fujimi S MacConmara MP Tajima G McKenna AM Delisle AJ Stallwood C Onderdonk AB Mannick JA Lederer JA 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2008,180(4):2450-2458
Major injury is widely thought to predispose the injured host to opportunistic infections. This idea is supported by animal studies showing that major injury causes reduced resistance to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Although cecal ligation and puncture represents a clinically relevant sepsis model, we wanted to test whether injury might also lead to greater susceptibility to peritoneal infection caused by a single common pathogen, Escherichia coli. Contrary to our expectation, we show herein that the LD(50) for sham-injured mice was 10(3) CFU of E. coli, whereas the LD(50) for burn-injured mice was 50 x 10(3) CFU at 7 days postinjury. This injury-associated enhanced resistance was apparent as early as 1 day after injury, and maximal resistance was observed at days 7 and 14. We found that burn-injured mice had higher numbers of circulating neutrophils and monocytes than did sham mice before infection and that injured mice were able to recruit greater numbers of neutrophils to the site of infection. Moreover, the peritoneal neutrophils in burn-injured mice were more highly activated than neutrophils from sham mice as determined by Mac-1 expression, superoxide generation, and bactericidal activity. Our findings suggest that the enhanced innate immune response that develops following injury, although it is commonly accepted as the mediator of the detrimental systemic inflammatory response syndrome, may also, in some cases, benefit the injured host by boosting innate immune antimicrobial defenses. 相似文献
94.
RNA aptamers that bind the opium alkaloid codeine were generated using an iterative in vitro selection process. The binding properties of these aptamers, including equilibrium and kinetic rate constants, were determined through a rapid, high-throughput approach using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to measure real-time binding. The approach involves direct coupling of the target small molecule onto a sensor chip without utilization of a carrier protein. Two highest binding aptamer sequences, FC5 and FC45 with K(d) values of 2.50 and 4.00 microM, respectively, were extensively studied. Corresponding mini-aptamers for FC5 and FC45 were subsequently identified through the described direct coupling Biacore assays. These assays were also employed to confirm the proposed secondary structures of the mini-aptamers. Both aptamers exhibit high specificity to codeine over morphine, which differs from codeine by a methyl group. Finally, the direct coupling method was demonstrated to eliminate potential non-specific interactions that may be associated with indirect coupling methods in which protein linkers are commonly employed. Therefore, in addition to presenting the first RNA aptamers to a subclass of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid molecules, this work highlights a method for characterizing small molecule aptamers that is more robust, precise, rapid and high-throughput than other commonly employed techniques. 相似文献
95.
Vesicle-mediated export and assembly of pore-forming oligomers of the enterobacterial ClyA cytotoxin
Wai SN Lindmark B Söderblom T Takade A Westermark M Oscarsson J Jass J Richter-Dahlfors A Mizunoe Y Uhlin BE 《Cell》2003,115(1):25-35
The ClyA protein is a pore-forming cytotoxin expressed by Escherichia coli and some other enterobacteria. It confers cytotoxic activity toward mammalian cells, but it has remained unknown how ClyA is surface exposed and exported from bacterial cells. Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from the bacteria were shown to contain ClyA protein. ClyA formed oligomeric pore assemblies in the OMVs, and the cytotoxic activity toward mammalian cells was considerably higher than that of ClyA protein purified from the bacterial periplasm. The redox status of ClyA correlated with its ability to form the oligomeric pore assemblies. In bacterial cells with a defective periplasmic disulphide oxidoreductase system, the ClyA protein was phenotypically expressed in a constitutive manner. The results define a vesicle-mediated transport mechanism in bacteria, and our findings show that the localization of proteins to OMVs directly may contribute to the activation and delivery of pathogenic effector proteins. 相似文献
96.
Myat P. Kyaw Myat H. Nyunt Khin Chit Moe M. Aye Kyin H. Aye Moe M. Aye Niklas Lindegardh Joel Tarning Mallika Imwong Christopher G. Jacob Charlotte Rasmussen Jamie Perin Pascal Ringwald Myaing M. Nyunt 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins, the first line treatment for malaria worldwide, has been reported in western Cambodia. Resistance is characterized by significantly delayed clearance of parasites following artemisinin treatment. Artemisinin resistance has not previously been reported in Myanmar, which has the highest falciparum malaria burden among Southeast Asian countries.Methods
A non-randomized, single-arm, open-label clinical trial of artesunate monotherapy (4 mg/kg daily for seven days) was conducted in adults with acute blood-smear positive P. falciparum malaria in Kawthaung, southern Myanmar. Parasite density was measured every 12 hours until two consecutive negative smears were obtained. Participants were followed weekly at the study clinic for three additional weeks. Co-primary endpoints included parasite clearance time (the time required for complete clearance of initial parasitemia), parasite clearance half-life (the time required for parasitemia to decrease by 50% based on the linear portion of the parasite clearance slope), and detectable parasitemia 72 hours after commencement of artesunate treatment. Drug pharmacokinetics were measured to rule out delayed clearance due to suboptimal drug levels.Results
The median (range) parasite clearance half-life and time were 4.8 (2.1–9.7) and 60 (24–96) hours, respectively. The frequency distributions of parasite clearance half-life and time were bimodal, with very slow parasite clearance characteristic of the slowest-clearing Cambodian parasites (half-life longer than 6.2 hours) in approximately 1/3 of infections. Fourteen of 52 participants (26.9%) had a measurable parasitemia 72 hours after initiating artesunate treatment. Parasite clearance was not associated with drug pharmacokinetics.Conclusions
A subset of P. falciparum infections in southern Myanmar displayed markedly delayed clearance following artemisinin treatment, suggesting either emergence of artemisinin resistance in southern Myanmar or spread to this location from its site of origin in western Cambodia. Resistance containment efforts are underway in Myanmar.Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000896077 相似文献97.
Kurachi M Chau BL Dang VB Dorji T Yamamoto Y Nyunt MM Maeda Y Chhum-Phith L Namikawa T Yamagata T 《Biochemical genetics》2007,45(3-4):165-183
The musk shrew (Suncus murinus) is a small mammalian species belonging to Insectivora. It is widely distributed in Asia. To identify the genetic relationship among wild musk shrew populations and examine its migration route, we investigated the populations of Cambodia and Bhutan by using mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared them with other Asian populations previously described. Four haplotypes were detected in Cambodia and eight in Bhutan. A total of 53 haplotypes were detected in Asia and were classified largely into two groups, the Continental and Island types, based on a minimum spanning network. From the distribution of mtDNA types in wild musk shrews, three major population groups are identified in Asia: South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Malay. It is suggested that the Malay population group was a mix of South and Southeast Asian population groups and that this was a contact area of the two groups. In addition, other contact areas between the South and Southeast Asian groups exist in Myanmar, but unlike the Malay, the Myanmar area was the border of these groups. 相似文献
98.
Si Lhyam Myint Nikola Zlatkov Kyaw Min Aung Eric Toh Annika Sjöström Aftab Nadeem Marylise Duperthuy Bernt Eric Uhlin Sun Nyunt Wai 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2021,1865(7):129912
BackgroundA prevailing action of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in several Gram-negative bacterial species is inter-bacterial competition. In the past several years, many effectors of T6SS were identified in different bacterial species and their involvement in inter-bacterial interactions were described. However, possible defence mechanisms against T6SS attack among prey bacteria were not well clarified yet.MethodsEscherichia coli was assessed for susceptibility to T6SS-mediated killing by Vibrio cholerae. TheT6SS-mediated bacterial killing assays were performed in absence or presence of different protease inhibitors and with different mutant E. coli strains. Expression levels of selected proteins were monitored using SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses.ResultsThe T6SS-mediated killing of E. coli by V. cholerae was partly blocked when the serine protease inhibitor Pefabloc was present. E. coli lacking the periplasmic protease inhibitor Ecotin showed enhanced susceptibility to killing by V. cholerae. Mutations affecting E. coli membrane stability also caused increased susceptibility to killing by V. cholerae. E. coli lacking the maltodextrin porin protein LamB showed reduced susceptibility to killing by V. cholerae whereas E. coli with induced high levels of LamB showed reduced survival in inter-bacterial competition.ConclusionsOur study identified two proteins in E. coli, the intrinsic protease inhibitor Ecotin and the outer membrane porin LamB, that influenced E. coli susceptibility to T6SS-mediated killing by V. cholerae.General significanceWe envision that it is feasible to explore these findings to target and modulate their expression to obtain desired changes in inter-bacterial competition in vivo, e.g. in the gastrointestinal microbiome. 相似文献
99.
Aye Thida Sai Thein Than Tun Sai Ko Ko Zaw Andrew A. Lover Philippe Cavailler Jennifer Chunn Mar Mar Aye Par Par Kyaw Win Naing Kaung Nyunt Zan Myint Shwe Thar Tun Kyaw Zaw Htoon Waing Philippe Clevenbergh 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
The outcomes from an antiretroviral treatment (ART) program within the public sector in Myanmar have not been reported. This study documents retention and the risk factors for attrition in a large ART public health program in Myanmar.Methods
A retrospective analysis of a cohort of adult patients enrolled in the Integrated HIV Care (IHC) Program between June 2005 and October 2011 and followed up until April 2012 is presented. The primary outcome was attrition (death or loss-follow up); a total of 10,223 patients were included in the 5-year cumulative survival analysis. Overall 5,718 patients were analyzed for the risk factors for attrition using both logistic regression and flexible parametric survival models.Result
The mean age was 36 years, 61% of patients were male, and the median follow up was 13.7 months. Overall 8,564 (84%) patients were retained in ART program: 750 (7%) were lost to follow-up and 909 (9%) died. During the 3 years follow-up, 1,542 attritions occurred over 17,524 person years at risk, giving an incidence density of 8.8% per year. The retention rates of participants at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were 86, 82, 80, 77 and 74% respectively. In multivariate analysis, being male, having high WHO staging, a low CD4 count, being anaemic or having low BMI at baseline were independent risk factors for attrition; tuberculosis (TB) treatment at ART initiation, a prior ART course before program enrollment and literacy were predictors for retention in the program.Conclusion
High retention rate of IHC program was documented within the public sector in Myanmar. Early diagnosis of HIV, nutritional support, proper investigation and treatment for patients with low CD4 counts and for those presenting with anaemia are crucial issues towards improvement of HIV program outcomes in resource-limited settings. 相似文献100.
Sridhar Elluri Constance Enow Svitlana Vdovikova Pramod K. Rompikuntal Mitesh Dongre Sven Carlsson Amit Pal Bernt Eric Uhlin Sun Nyunt Wai 《PloS one》2014,9(9)