全文获取类型
收费全文 | 290篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
专业分类
319篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1960年 | 5篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1953年 | 3篇 |
1938年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 9篇 |
1935年 | 5篇 |
1934年 | 2篇 |
1933年 | 8篇 |
1932年 | 9篇 |
1931年 | 9篇 |
1930年 | 2篇 |
1929年 | 7篇 |
1927年 | 2篇 |
1926年 | 2篇 |
1924年 | 2篇 |
1923年 | 3篇 |
1920年 | 3篇 |
1918年 | 3篇 |
1910年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有319条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
The effect of low doses of 240 kVp X rays or of 3 MeV neutrons has been investigated using skin reactions on mouse feet as the biological system. Eight or nine repeated small doses of radiation were used, followed by graded "top-up" doses to bring the reactions into a detectable range. By comparing dose-response curves, the RBE has been determined for neutron doses per fraction ranging from 0.25-1.0 Gy. The data are consistent with a limiting RBE of between 7 and 10 at very low doses. A review of other published RBE values for low doses per fraction shows a wide range of RBEs . Very few studies show a plateau value for the RBE. These findings are more consistent with dose-response data that fit a linear-quadratic model than with a multitarget single-hit model. 相似文献
62.
Mutations that affect flightin expression in Drosophila alter the viscoelastic properties of flight muscle fibers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Henkin JA Maughan DW Vigoreaux JO 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2004,286(1):C65-C72
Striated muscles across phyla share a highly conserved sarcomere design yet exhibit broad diversity in contractile velocity, force, power output, and efficiency. Insect asynchronous flight muscles are characterized by high-frequency contraction, endurance, and high-power output. These muscles have evolved an enhanced delayed force response to stretch that is largely responsible for their enhanced oscillatory work and power production. In this study we investigated the contribution of flightin to oscillatory work using sinusoidal analysis of fibers from three flightless mutants affecting flightin expression: 1) fln0, a flightin null mutant, 2) Mhc13, a myosin rod point mutant with reduced levels of flightin, and 3) Mhc6, a second myosin rod point mutant with reduced levels of phosphorylated flightin. Fibers from the three mutants show deficits in their passive and dynamic viscoelastic properties that are commensurate with their effect on flightin expression and result in a significant loss of oscillatory work and power. Passive tension and passive stiffness were significantly reduced in fln0 and Mhc13 but not in Mhc6. The dynamic viscous modulus was significantly reduced in the three mutants, whereas the dynamic elastic modulus was reduced in fln0 and Mhc13 but not in Mhc6. Tension generation under isometric conditions was not impaired in fln0. However, when subjected to sinusoidal length perturbations, work-absorbing processes dominated over work-producing processes, resulting in no net positive work output. We propose that flightin is a major contributor to myofilament stiffness and a key determinant of the enhanced delayed force response to stretch in Drosophila flight muscles. flight muscles; muscle mutants; myosin 相似文献
63.
64.
Plant Molecular Biology - 相似文献
65.
Baharak Ahmaderaghi Raheleh Amirkhah James Jackson Tamsin R. M. Lannagan Kathryn Gilroy Sudhir B. Malla Keara L. Redmond Gerard Quinn Simon S. McDade ACRCelerate Consortium Tim Maughan Simon Leedham Andrew S. D. Campbell Owen J. Sansom Mark Lawler Philip D. Dunne 《Disease models & mechanisms》2022,15(3)
66.
Molecular-marker analysis of seed-weight: genomic locations,gene action,and evidence for orthologous evolution among three legume species 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
P. J. Maughan M. A. Saghai Maroof G. R. Buss 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(4):574-579
The objectives of this study were to use molecular markers to: (1) identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed-weight in soybean, (2) characterize the genetic basis of seed-weight expression, and (3) determine whether soybean shares orthologous seed-weight genes with cowpea and/or mung bean. An F2 population was developed between a large-seeded Glycine max breeding line and a small-seeded G. soja plant introduction. DNA samples from 150 F2 individuals were analyzed with 91 polymorphic genetic markers, including RFLPs, RAPDs and SSRs. Seed-weight was analyzed by randomly sampling 100 seeds from each of 150 greenhouse-grown F2 individuals, and their 150 F23 lines, from a replicated field trial. Markers associated with seed-weight were identified using the computer program MapMaker-QTL and a one-way analysis of variance. Three and five markers were significantly associated with seed-weight variation (P<0.01) in the F2 and F23 generations, respectively. Tests for digenic epistasis revealed three significant interactions in both generations. In a combined analysis, these markers and interactions explained 50 and 60% of the phenotypic variation for seed-weight in the F2 and F23 generations, respectively. Comparison of our results in soybean (Glycine) with those previously reported in cowpea and mung bean (Vigna) indicated that soybean and cowpea share an orthologous seed-weight gene. In both species, a genomic region significantly associated with seed-weight spanned the same RFLP markers in the same linkage order. A significant digenic interaction involving this genomic region was conserved in all three species. These results suggest that the exploitation of comparative QTL mapping is an invaluable tool for quantitative geneticists working with poorly characterized plant systems. 相似文献
67.
The construction of a flood control impoundment on Twitty's Creek added large numbers of organisms of limnetic origin to the stream ecosystem. However, the number of limnetic organisms per unit volume of water decreased rapidly as the distance downstream from the reservoir increased and, during most sampling periods, made up an insignificant portion of the total drift biomass at 7.2 km downstream. Factors favoring the extended downstream drift of limnetic organisms were high stream discharge and low water temperature.Several taxa of benthic organisms had much lower drift rates in the station immediately below the dam than at other stations and several taxa commonly taken at other stations were not captured immediately below the reservoir outfall. One possible explanation is that these organisms may have longer drift recruitment distances than the distance from the reservoir outfall to the sample location.A comparison of drift densities of organisms of benthic origin and benthic standing crop densities in channeled and unchanneled streams revealed that drift densities were higher in channeled streams than in unchanneled streams for most taxa of invertebrates. In addition, channeled streams appeared to have lower benthic standing crops than unchanneled streams for most taxa of invertebrates.In stream sections impacted by either channelization or the Twitty Lake outfall, the energy dynamics of the stream ecosystems were altered by increased density of drifting invertebrates. From the standpoint of increasing food availability to the fish fauna of the stream, these changes would appear to benefit drift feeding species and negatively impact bottom feeding species. 相似文献
68.
The ROOT MERISTEMLESS1/CADMIUM SENSITIVE2 gene defines a glutathione-dependent pathway involved in initiation and maintenance of cell division during postembryonic root development 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11 下载免费PDF全文
Vernoux T Wilson RC Seeley KA Reichheld JP Muroy S Brown S Maughan SC Cobbett CS Van Montagu M Inzé D May MJ Sung ZR 《The Plant cell》2000,12(1):97-110
Activation of cell division in the root apical meristem after germination is essential for postembryonic root development. Arabidopsis plants homozygous for a mutation in the ROOT MERISTEMLESS1 (RML1) gene are unable to establish an active postembryonic meristem in the root apex. This mutation abolishes cell division in the root but not in the shoot. We report the molecular cloning of the RML1 gene, which encodes the first enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and which is allelic to CADMIUM SENSITIVE2. The phenotype of the rml1 mutant, which was also evident in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis and tobacco treated with an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, could be relieved by applying GSH to rml1 seedlings. By using a synchronized tobacco cell suspension culture, we showed that the G1-to-S phase transition requires an adequate level of GSH. These observations suggest the existence of a GSH-dependent developmental pathway essential for initiation and maintenance of cell division during postembryonic root development. 相似文献
69.
It has recently been proposed that phenotypic variation in clonal populations of bacterial species results from intracellular "noise," i.e., random fluctuations in levels of cellular molecules, which would be predicted to be insensitive to selective pressure. To test this notion, we propagated five populations of Bacillus subtilis for 5,000 generations with selection for one phenotype: the decision to sporulate. In support of the noise hypothesis, we report that none of the populations responded to selection by improving their efficiency of sporulation, indicating that intracellular noise is independent of heritable genotype. 相似文献
70.
AIMS: The antigen 85 complex (Ag85) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis consists of three abundantly secreted proteins (FbpA, FbpB and FbpC2) which play a key role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and also exhibit cell wall mycolyltransferase activity. A related protein with similarity to the Ag85 complex was recently annotated in the M. tuberculosis genome as FbpC1. An investigation was carried out to determine whether FbpC1 may also possess mycolyltransferase activity, a characteristic feature of the Ag85 complex. METHODS AND RESULTS: Heterologous expression of FbpA, FbpC1 and FbpC2 was performed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant proteins were purified under non-denaturating conditions and used in an in vitro mycolyltransferase assay. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to FbpA and FbpC2, recombinant FbpC1 did not possess in vitro mycolyltransferase activity and was not recognized by two monoclonal antibodies to the native Ag85. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Mycolyltransferase activity is restricted to FbpA, FbpbB and FbpC2 only; the actual function of FbpC1 remains to be established. 相似文献