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121.
122.
The de-repression of thiamine biosynthesis by adenosine. A tool for investigating this biosynthetic pathway 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
1. Growth of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 in the presence of adenosine was shown to cause enormous synthesis of thiamine in washed-cell suspensions. 2. Evidence that this was due to de-repression and not an accumulation of precursors was obtained by using a mutant blocked in the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety, which showed a similarly large synthesis of the pyrimidine of thiamine. 3. The specific requirements for a source of energy, nitrogen and sulphur were investigated, and indicated new synthesis in this system. 相似文献
123.
Willie Turner Nancy J. Bigley Matthew C. Dodd George Anderson 《Journal of bacteriology》1960,80(4):430-435
124.
This study of floral development in Drimys lanceolata in Section Tasmannia provides a basis for comparison with D. winteri, a member of the section Wintera, which has been described previously. The carpellate flowers of D. lanceolata have 2 sepals, 4–6 petals, and a solitary carpel, which form in acropetal succession. In symmetry the flower and its apical meristem are bilateral rather than radial, as in the flower of Drimys winteri. The floral apex of D. lanceolata is zonate while that of D. winteri is organized as a mantle and core. Preceding carpel initiation the floral apex of D. lanceolata is narrowly wedge-shaped, while that of D. winteri is low-convex. The entire apex is utilized in carpel initiation in D. lanceolata, involving many subsurface cell divisions over the entire summit. No apical residuum remains, and the carpel is terminal. In this feature the contrast with D. winteri is particularly marked, since in the latter, carpels are initiated laterally around the floral apex, which c an be recognized as an apical residuum after all appendages have formed. 相似文献
125.
126.
Theneu oncogene is frequently found in certain types of human carcinomas and has been shown to be activated in animal models by nitrosourea-induced mutation. The activating mutation in theneu oncogene results in the substitution of a glutamic acid for a valine at position 664 in the transmembrane domain of the encoded protein product of 185 kda (designated p185), which, on the basis of homology studies, is presumed to be a receptor for an as yet unidentified growth factor. It has been proposed that activating amino acid substitutions in this region of p185 lead to a conformational change in the protein which causes signal transduction via an increase in tyrosine kinase activity in the absence of any external signal. Using conformational energy analysis, we have determined the preferred three-dimensional structures for the transmembrane decapeptide (residues 658–667) of the p185 protein with valine and glutamic acid at the critical position 664. The results indicate that the global minimum energy conformation of the decapeptide from the normal protein with Val at position 664 is an α-helix with a sharp bend (CD* conformation at residues 664 and 665) in this region, whereas the global minimum conformation for the decapeptide from the mutant transforming protein with Glu at position 664 assumes an all α-helical configuration. Furthermore, the second highest energy conformation for the decapeptide from the normal protein is identical to the global minimum energy conformation for the decapeptide from the transforming protein, providing a possible explanation why overexpression of the normal protein also has a transforming effect. These results suggest there may be a normal and a transforming conformation for theneu-encoded p185 proteins which may explain their differences in transforming activity. 相似文献
127.
Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor on free intracellular calcium and mitogenesis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Although increased free intracellular calcium (Cai) may be one of the main regulators of cell growth and differentiation, studies in cell populations have implied that not all growth factors produce Cai increases. In order to examine in more detail whether Cai increases were related to mitogenesis, we used digital image analysis of intracellular Fura-2 fluorescence to measure Cai in individual BALB/c 3T3 cells stimulated with either platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF). We found that PDGF induced larger and more prolonged Cai increases than FGF did, but that both growth factors induced an initial rapid increase in Cai (less than 2 min) followed by a later sustained increase (greater than 20 min). Only the prolonged Cai increase required extracellular calcium. Following PDGF treatment (1-8 units/ml), the percentage of cells with a large peak Cai increase (greater than twofold) correlated with the percentage of cells made competent (subsequent growth in 1% platelet-poor-plasma). In contrast, purified bovine basic FGF (200-800 pg/ml) and recombinant human acidic FGF (10-300 ng/ml) produced peak Cai increases that were not directly correlated with mitogenesis. In addition, concentrations of intracellular Quin 2 that inhibited Cai transients also inhibited PDGF stimulation but not FGF stimulation of mitogenesis. Thus, Cai increases are necessary for mitogenesis in BALB/c 3T3 cells stimulated by PDGF, but not that stimulated by FGF. 相似文献
128.
129.
Natural killer cells in the thymus. Studies in mice with severe combined immune deficiency 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
B A Garni-Wagner P L Witte M M Tutt W A Kuziel P W Tucker M Bennett V Kumar 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1990,144(3):796-803
The relationship between NK cell and T cell progenitors was investigated by using mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid). Scid mice are devoid of mature T and B cells because they cannot rearrange their Ig and TCR genes. However, they have normal splenic NK cells. Thymus of scid mice, although markedly hypocellular, contains cells that lyse YAC-1, an NK-sensitive tumor cell. By flow cytometry, two populations of cells were identified in the scid thymus. Eighty percent of the cells were Thy-1+, IL-2R(7D4)+, J11d+, CD3-, CD4-, CD8- whereas the remaining were IL-2R-, J11d-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-. By cell sorting, all NK activity was found in the latter population, which is phenotypically similar to splenic NK cells. To determine if the thymus contains a bipotential NK/T progenitor cell, J11d+, IL-2R+ cells were cultured and analyzed for the generation of NK cells in vitro. These cells were used because they resemble 15-day fetal and adult CD4- CD8- thymocytes that are capable of giving rise to mature T cells. Cultured J11d+ thymocytes acquired non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity, but in contrast to mature NK cells, the resulting cells contained mRNA for the gamma, delta, and epsilon-chains of CD3. This suggests that J11d+ cells are early T cells that can acquire the ability to kill in a non-MHC-restricted manner, but which do not give rise to NK cells in vitro. The differentiative potential of scid thymocytes was also tested in vivo. Unlike bone marrow cells, scid thymocytes containing 80% J11d+ cells failed to give rise to NK cells when transferred into irradiated recipients. Together these results suggest that mature NK cells reside in the thymus of scid mice but are not derived from a common NK/T progenitor. 相似文献
130.