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K.H. Domsch A.J. Driesel W. Goebel W. Andersch W. Lindenmaier W. Lotz H. Reber F. Schmidt 《FEMS microbiology letters》1988,53(5):261-272
Abstract The present study points out the principles to be observed by a manufacturer as a precaution against risks in the case of a deliberate release of genetically altered microorganisms or viruses. Possible hazard potentials are deduced step by step from ecological and genetic facts, and are substantiated and correlated with considerations concerning the likehood of their occurrence. References are given to test procedures and suitable methods for genetic and ecological safeguards. The study indicated the questions likely to be answered in the course of a registration procedure, and the areas in which research activity is urgently required. 相似文献
94.
Lo Djaoui Adam Owen Matt Newton Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis Alexandre Dellal Karim Chamari 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2022,39(2):307
The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of congested periods of matches on the acceleration (Acc) and deceleration (Dec) profiles of elite soccer players. Twenty-three elite male professional soccer players participated in the study across 31 official matches. Assessed periods included: (i) congested periods (three to four days between games), and (ii) non-congested periods (more than four days between games). Physical activity during matches was recorded during games using a 10Hz global positioning system device, coupled with a 100 Hz accelerometer, and was analysed according to the periods. Maximal Acc- (73.2 ± 20.3 vs. 84.918.5 m), high Acc- (244.0 ± 49.5 vs. 267.0 ± 37.8 m), maximal Dec- (139.0 ± 44.8 vs. 152.039.3 m) and the total decelerating- distance (5132 ± 690 vs. 5245 ± 552 m) were lower in congested than in non-congested periods (p < 0.05, effect size 0.31–0.70). Neither a main effect of playing position nor a period*playing position interaction on Acc and Dec were observed (p > 0.05). It was concluded that Acc and Dec match activities were significantly affected during congested periods compared to non-congested highlighting a possible fatigue accumulation being responsible for the observed decrement in physical activity. Monitoring Acc and Dec metrics throughout particular periods of congested fixtures amongst professional soccer teams is advised and may be a way to assess physical and fatigue status. 相似文献
95.
Benjamin Heuberger Annika Paukner Lauren J. Wooddell Matt Kasman Ross A. Hammond 《American journal of primatology》2020,82(8):e23165
Capuchins, like other primates, use feedback from sensory cues and digestion to make decisions about which foods to consume and which to avoid. However, little is known about how capuchins make consumption decisions when simultaneously presented with novel and familiar foods, or how food familiarity and macronutrient concentration together influence food choice, topics with potential implications for developmental and health research. In this study, we evaluated the role of familiarity, as well as fat and sugar concentration, in the food selections of captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella). In the first experiment, over 10 sessions, subjects were assigned to either a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both high in fat or sugar (high condition), or to a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both low in fat or sugar (low condition). In the second experiment, subjects were divided into three groups, familiarized with food over five feeding sessions, and then offered the familiarized food and a novel food that varied in fat or sugar for 10 sessions. When offered foods high in fat, capuchins showed no clear signs of neophobia, forming an initial preference for the novel food, rejecting foods less frequently, and selecting foods faster than when offered foods low in fat. These trends were generally not observed in response to foods with sugar. When presented with options that varied in macronutrient concentration, subjects showed an initial interest in the novel food irrespective of whether it was high in fat or sugar, yet formed a final preference for the higher-concentration item. Findings suggest that the concentration of fat or sugar in novel foods may be an important mediator of exploratory behavior and that capuchins rely on immediate feedback from taste and other sensory cues to make consumption decisions. 相似文献
96.
A total of 690 herring Clupea harengus L. and 88 sprat Sprattus sprattus L. caught off the west coast of Sweden, in the North Sea and off the west and south coasts of the United Kingdom, were examined for gill parasites. The monogenean Pseudanthocotyloides heterocotyle (van Beneden, 1871) Euzet & Prost, 1969 was found in 38 (5.5%) herring and one (1.1%) sprat. The parasite was significantly (P>0.05) more common off the west coast of Sweden than elsewhere and most specimens (62.5%) were found on the pseudobranchs. Only the smaller herring were infected. P. heterocotyle is redescribed and its taxonomy discussed, together with the possibility of host and parasite misidentification in previous reports. 相似文献
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Antony S Theruvathu JA Brooks PJ Lesher DT Redinbo M Pommier Y 《Nucleic acids research》2004,32(18):5685-5692
The activity of DNA topoisomerase I (Top1), an enzyme that regulates DNA topology, is impacted by DNA structure alterations and by the anticancer alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). Here, we evaluated the effect of the acetaldehyde-derived DNA adduct, N2-ethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethyl-dG), on human Top1 nicking and closing activities. Using purified recombinant Top1, we show that Top1 nicking-closing activity remains unaffected in N2-ethyl-dG adducted oligonucleotides. However, the N2-ethyl-dG adduct enhanced CPT-induced Top1–DNA cleavage complexes depending on the relative position of the N2-ethyl-dG adduct with respect to the Top1 cleavage site. The Top1-mediated DNA religation (closing) was selectively inhibited when the N2-ethyl-dG adduct was present immediately 3′ from the Top1 site (position +1). In addition, when the N2-ethyl-dG adduct was located at the −5 position, CPT enhanced cleavage at an alternate Top1 cleavage site immediately adjacent to the adduct, which was then at position +1 relative to this new alternate Top1 site. Modeling studies suggest that the ethyl group on the N2-ethyl-dG adduct located at the 5′ end of a Top1 site (position +1) sterically blocks the dissociation of CPT from the Top1–DNA complex, thereby inhibiting further the religation (closing) reaction. 相似文献
100.
It is known [8, 11, 16, 26] that phase locking can entrain frequency information when the leaky integrate-and-fire (IF) model of a neuron is forced by a periodic function. We show that this is still the case when the IF model is made more biologically realistic. We incorporate into our model spike dependent threshold modulation and refractory periods. Consecutive firing times from this model and their respective interspike intervals are related by an annulus map. We prove a general theorem concerning orientation reversing annulus twist homeomorphisms, which shows that our map admits a unique rotation number. This implies, in particular, that chaotic behaviour is not possible in our model and phase locking is predicted.This research was partially supported by NSF EIA-BITS grant 426411This research was partially supported by the Summer Undergraduate Research Program sponsored by IGERT grant NSF-DGE 9972824 and the Undergraduate Scholars Program at MSU-BozemanAcknowledgement The authors would like to thank Marcy Barge for discussions of prime ends and Sherry Heis for formatting the diagrams. 相似文献