Wahrnehmungspsychologische Untersuchungen am EichelhÄher. II

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wahrnehmungspsychologische Untersuchungen am Eichelhäher. I.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Eine Bienendressur auf Wasser

Zusammenfassung Bienen, die mit Zuckerwasser gefüttert werden, das sie durch Drahtgaze aus einer größeren offenen Schale saugen, sind nach wenigen Stunden auf Wasser dressiert. Sie befliegen unter Drahtgaze aufgestellte Glasnäpfchen, die geringe Mengen destilliertes Wasser, Salzwasser, Zitronensaft, Milch oder feuchte Erde enthalten, während sie die gleichen Näpfchen, leer oder mit Alkohol oder Glyzerin beschickt, nicht befliegen.     

Identification of proteins binding the native tubulin dimer

Microtubules play an essential role in eukaryotic cells, where they perform a wide variety of functions. In this paper, we describe the characterization of proteins associated to tubulin dimer in its native form, using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. We used an immunoaffinity column with coupled-monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha-tubulin C-terminus. Tubulin was first loaded onto the column, then interphase and mitotic cell lysates were chromatographed. Tubulin-binding proteins were eluted using a peptide mimicking the alpha-tubulin C-terminus. Elution fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and a total of 14 proteins were identified with high confidence by mass spectrometry. These proteins could be grouped in four classes: known tubulin-binding proteins, one microtubule-associated protein, heat shock proteins, and proteins that were not shown previously to bind tubulin dimer or microtubules.     

Endothelial stress induces the release of vitamin D-binding protein, a novel growth factor

Endothelial cells (EC) under stress release paracrine mediators that facilitate accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSCM) at sites of vascular injury. We found that medium conditioned by serum-starved EC increase proliferation and migration of VSCM in vitro. Fractionation of the conditioned medium followed by mass spectral analysis identified one bioactive component as vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). DBP induced both proliferation and migration of VSMC in vitro in association with increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. PD 98059, a biochemical inhibitor of ERK 1/2, abrogated these proliferative and migratory responses in VSMC. DBP is an important carrier for the vitamin-D sterols, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D. Both sterols inhibited the activity of DBP on VSMC, suggesting that vitamin D binding sites are important for initiating the activities of DBP on VSMC. Release of DBP at sites of endothelial injury represents a novel pathway favoring accumulation of VSMC at sites of vascular injury.