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551.
Cryptosporidium parvum increases intestinal permeability through interaction with epithelial cells and IL‐1β and TNFα released by inflammatory monocytes
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Mathilde Marquis Françoise I. Bussière Sonia Lacroix‐Lamandé Fabrice Laurent 《Cellular microbiology》2016,18(12):1871-1880
Intestinal epithelial cells form a single layer separating the intestinal lumen containing nutriments and microbiota from the underlying sterile tissue and therefore play a key role in maintaining homeostasis. We investigated the factors contributing to the alteration of the epithelial barrier function during Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Infected polarized epithelial cell monolayers exhibit a drop in transepithelial resistance associated with a delocalization of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin from their intercellular area of contact, the adherens junction complex. In neonatal mice infected by C. parvum, the increased permeability is correlated with parasite development and with an important recruitment of Ly6c+ inflammatory monocytes to the subepithelial space. TNFα and IL‐1β produced by inflammatory monocytes play a key role in the loss of barrier function. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that both the parasite and inflammatory monocytes contribute to the loss of intestinal barrier function during cryptosporidiosis. 相似文献
552.
Deborah Huyghe Yasuko Nakamura Miho Terunuma Mathilde Faideau Philip Haydon Menelas N. Pangalos Stephen J. Moss 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(42):28808-28815
Emerging evidence suggests that functional γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs) are expressed by astrocytes within the mammalian brain. GABABRs are heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors that are composed of R1/R2 subunits. To date, they have been characterized in neurons as the principal mediators of sustained inhibitory signaling; however their roles in astrocytic physiology have been ill defined. Here we reveal that the cytoplasmic tail of the GABABR2 subunit binds directly to the astrocytic protein glutamine synthetase (GS) and that this interaction determines the subcellular localization of GS. We further demonstrate that the binding of GS to GABABR2 increases the steady state expression levels of GS in heterologous cells and in mouse primary astrocyte culture. Mechanistically this increased stability of GS in the presence of GABABR2 occurs via reduced proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our results suggest a novel role for GABABRs as regulators of GS stability. Given the critical role that GS plays in the glutamine-glutamate cycle, astrocytic GABABRs may play a critical role in supporting both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. 相似文献
553.
Xingjun Fan Jianye Zhang Mathilde Theves Christopher Strauch Ina Nemet Xiaoqin Liu Juan Qian Frank J. Giblin Vincent M. Monnier 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(50):34618-34627
Oxidative mechanisms during nuclear sclerosis of the lens are poorly understood, in particular metal-catalyzed oxidation. The lysyl oxidation product adipic semialdehyde (allysine, ALL) and its oxidized end-product 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) were determined as a function of age and presence of diabetes. Surprisingly, whereas both ALL and 2-AAA increased with age and strongly correlated with cataract grade and protein absorbance at 350 nm, only ALL formation but not 2-AAA was increased by diabetes. To clarify the mechanism of oxidation, rabbit lenses were treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for 48 h, and proteins were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for ALL, 2-AAA, and multiple glycation products. Upon exposure to HBO, rabbit lenses were swollen, and nuclei were yellow. Protein-bound ALL increased 8-fold in the nuclear protein fractions versus controls. A dramatic increase in methyl-glyoxal hydroimidazolone and carboxyethyl-lysine but no increase of 2-AAA occurred, suggesting more drastic conditions are needed to oxidize ALL into 2-AAA. Indeed the latter formed only upon depletion of glutathione and was catalyzed by H2O2. Neither carboxymethyl-lysine nor glyoxal hydroimidazolone, two markers of glyco-/lipoxidation, nor markers of lenticular glycemia (fructose-lysine, glucospane) were elevated by HBO, excluding significant lipid peroxidation and glucose involvement. The findings strongly implicate dicarbonyl/metal catalyzed oxidation of lysine to allysine, whereby low GSH combined with ascorbate-derived H2O2 likely contributes toward 2-AAA formation, since virtually no 2-AAA formed in the presence of methylglyoxal instead of ascorbate. An important translational conclusion is that chelating agents might help delay nuclear sclerosis. 相似文献
554.
Hiroshi Yamada Sergi Padilla-Parra Sun-Joo Park Toshiki Itoh Mathilde Chaineau Ilaria Monaldi Ottavio Cremona Fabio Benfenati Pietro De Camilli Ma?té Coppey-Moisan Marc Tramier Thierry Galli Kohji Takei 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(49):34244-34256
Amphiphysin 1, an endocytic adaptor concentrated at synapses that couples clathrin-mediated endocytosis to dynamin-dependent fission, was also shown to have a regulatory role in actin dynamics. Here, we report that amphiphysin 1 interacts with N-WASP and stimulates N-WASP- and Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. Both the Src homology 3 and the N-BAR domains are required for this stimulation. Acidic liposome-triggered, N-WASP-dependent actin polymerization is strongly impaired in brain cytosol of amphiphysin 1 knock-out mice. FRET-FLIM analysis of Sertoli cells, where endogenously expressed amphiphysin 1 co-localizes with N-WASP in peripheral ruffles, confirmed the association between the two proteins in vivo. This association undergoes regulation and is enhanced by stimulating phosphatidylserine receptors on the cell surface with phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes that trigger ruffle formation. These results indicate that actin regulation is a key function of amphiphysin 1 and that such function cooperates with the endocytic adaptor role and membrane shaping/curvature sensing properties of the protein during the endocytic reaction. 相似文献
555.
Background
Reliable taxonomic identification at the species level is the basis for many biological disciplines. In order to distinguish species, it is necessary that taxonomic characters allow for the separation of individuals into recognisable, homogeneous groups that differ from other such groups in a consistent way. We compared here the suitability and efficacy of traditionally used shell morphology and DNA-based methods to distinguish among species of the freshwater snail genus Radix (Basommatophora, Pulmonata). 相似文献556.
557.
Mathilde van der Merwe Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave Carola Niesler Rouvay Roodt-Wilding 《Cytotechnology》2010,62(3):265-277
The abalone, Haliotis midae, is the most valuable commodity in South African aquaculture. The increasing demand for marine shellfish has stimulated research
on the biology and physiology of target species in order to improve knowledge on growth, nutritional requirements and pathogen
identification. The slow growth rate and long generation time of abalone restrict efficient design of in vivo experiments.
Therefore, in vitro systems present an attractive alternative for short term experimentation. The use of marine invertebrate
cell cultures as a standardised and controlled system to study growth, endocrinology and disease contributes to the understanding
of the biology of economically important molluscs. This paper investigates the suitability of two different H. midae tissues, larval and haemocyte, for establishing primary cell cultures. Cell cultures are assessed in terms of culture initiation,
cell yield, longevity and susceptibility to contamination. Haliotis midae haemocytes are shown to be a more feasible tissue for primary cell culture as it could be maintained without contamination
more readily than larval cell cultures. The usefulness of short term primary haemocyte cultures is demonstrated here with
a growth factor trial. Haemocyte cultures can furthermore be used to relate phenotypic changes at the cellular level to changes
in gene expression at the molecular level. 相似文献
558.
Louise Gilbert Moftah Alhagdow Adriano Nunes-Nesi Bernard Quemener Fabienne Guillon Brigitte Bouchet Mireille Faurobert Barbara Gouble David Page Virginie Garcia Johann Petit Rebecca Stevens Mathilde Causse Alisdair R. Fernie Marc Lahaye Christophe Rothan Pierre Baldet 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2009,60(3):499-508
559.
Jürgen Wittsiepe Kerstin Schnell Annett Hilbig Petra Schrey Mathilde Kersting Michael Wilhelm 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2009,23(3):183-194
The daily dietary intake of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) by 42 young children, 21 boys and 21 girls, from 4 to 7 years of age, living in urban and rural areas of Germany and having different food consumption behaviour, was determined by the duplicate method with a 7-day sampling period. Dietary records were also kept by the children's parents for the 7-day sampling period. Individual reported food items were identified, assigned to food groups and, together with known Ni and Zn concentrations of foodstuffs, daily intake rates were calculated. The same method was used for calculations of the energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate intake rates.The levels in the food duplicates, determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, were in the range of 69–2000 μg Ni/kgdry weight (geometric mean (GM): 348) and 7.1–43 mg Zn/kgdry weight (GM: 17.5). Daily intake rates based on the 294 individual food duplicate analyses were 12–560 μg Ni/d (GM: 92.3) and 1.5–11 mg Zn/d (GM: 4.63). The results from the dietary records were 35–1050 μg Ni/d (GM: 123) and 1.7–15 mg Zn/d (GM: 5.35).The results of the daily intake rates from both methods showed a correlation with regard to Zn (r=0.56), but no correlation was found between either the Ni intake rates determined with both methods or between the Ni intake rates measured by the duplicate method and calculated intake rates from the dietary records of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates or drinking water. In the case of nickel, the discrepancies between the methods lead one to suppose that the main factors influencing Ni intake by food are not directly caused by easily assessable food ingredients themselves. It is possible that other factors, such as contaminated drinking water or the transition of Ni from kettles or other household utensils made from stainless steel into the food, may be more relevant. In addition there are some foodstuffs with great variations in concentrations, often influenced by the growing area and environmental factors. Further, some food groups naturally high in Nickel like nuts, cocoa or teas might not have been kept sufficient within the records. In summary, the dietary record method gave sufficient results for Zn, but is insufficient for Ni.Based on the food duplicate analysis, children living in urban areas with consumption of food products from a family-owned garden or the surrounding area and/or products from domestic animals of the surrounding area had about one-third higher Ni levels in their food than children either living in an urban area or children consuming products exclusively from the supermarket. Only slight differences were found with regard to Zn.Compared to the recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition (DGE) (25–30 μg Ni/d and 5.0 mg Zn/d), the participants of the study had a clearly increased Ni and, in view of the geometric mean value, a nearly adequate Zn intake. Health risks are especially given with regard to the influence of nickel intake by food on dermatitis for nickel-sensitive individuals. 相似文献
560.
Jérémy Clotault Emmanuel Geoffriau Eric Lionneton Mathilde Briard Didier Peltier 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(4):659-672
According to the history of the cultivated carrot, root colour can be considered as a structural factor of carrot germplasm.
Therefore, molecular variations of carotenoid biosynthesis genes, these being involved in colour traits, represent a good
putative source of polymorphism related to diversity structure. Seven candidate genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis
pathway have been analysed from a sample of 48 individual plants, each one from a different cultivar of carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus). The cultivars were chosen to represent a large diversity and a wide range of root colour. A high single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) frequency of 1 SNP per 22 bp (mean π
sil = 0.020) was found on average within these genes. The analysis of genetic structure from carotenoid biosynthesis gene sequences
and 17 putatively neutral microsatellites showed moderate genetic differentiation between cultivars originating from the West
and the East (F
ST = 0.072), this being consistent with breeding history, but not previously evidenced by molecular tools. Surprisingly, carotenoid
biosynthesis genes did not exhibit decay of LD (mean r
2
= 0.635) within the 700–1,000 bp analysed, even though a fast decay level of LD is expected in outcrossing species. The high
level of intralocus LD found for carotenoid biosynthesis genes implies that candidate-gene association mapping for carrot
root colour should be useful to validate gene function, but may be unable to identify precisely the causative variations involved
in trait determinism. Finally this study affords the first molecular evidence of a genetic structure in cultivated carrot
germplasm related to phylogeography. 相似文献