Annotated chromosome counts of czechoslovak plants (31–60) (Materials for “Flóra ČSSR”—3)

Chromosome counts of the following 30 taxa (106 populations) are given:Betonica officinalis (2n=16);Bidens frondosus (2n=48);Calamagrostis arundinacea (2n=28+0–2B);Dianthus carthusianorum subsp.latifolius (2n=30);Festuca gigantea (2n=42, 42+2B);Hypericum perforatum (2n=32);Koeleria macrantha (2n=28);Kohlrauschia prolifera (2n=30);Lilium martagon (2n=24+0–2B);Melica ciliata (2n=18);Poa remota (2n=14);Ranunculus polyanthemos (2n=16);R. sardous subsp.sardous (2n=16);Roegneria canina (2n=28+0–1B);Rudbeckia laciniata (2n=76);Scabiosa canescens (2n=16);Serratula tinctoria (2n=22);Seseli elatum subsp.heterophyllum var.beckii (2n=18);S. hippomarathrum (2n=20);Thlaspicaerulescens caerulescens subsp.tatrense (2n=14);Trifolium alpestre (2n=16);T. avense (2n=14);T. medium (2n=79, 80+0–2B, 82);T. rubens (2n=16);Veronica officinalis subsp. alpestris (2n=36);Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (2n=22);Vulpia bromoides (2n=14);Zerna benekenii (2n=28)Z. monoclada (2n=28+0–8B);Z. ramosa (2n=42). Remarks on taxonomy, nomenclature and chorology for some of these taxa are given.     

Study of the effect of volatile substances from cereal roots

We traced the liberation and biological effect of volatile substances released from the roots of cereals,i. e. barley, wheat, rye and oats, on seedlings of the same and other plant species. Experiments were carried out in a closed glass apparatus with a static or circulating atmosphere in which the CO₂ and O₂ were permanently absorbed and supplemented, respectively. In some experiments the air was bubbled through water or through solutions of boric acid, barium hydroxide and potassium permanganate. The roots of all four cereals tested released volatile substances with a biological activity which appeared to be non-specific with respect to plant species. The effect of volatile substances was partially decreased by bubbling through water, barium hydroxide and boric acid and was completely removed after passing through the solution of potassium permanganate. Volatile substances liberated from roots of barley inhibited elongation of roots and coleoptile, decreased SH-group content and caused excessive formation of root hairs as well as inhibition of both dry matter production and respiration of roots of rye seedlings. Ethylene was found in the atmosphere of experimental vessels.     

Chromosome counts of some Mongolian plants

The paper gives the chromosome numbers of 45 species from 72 Mongolian localities, belonging to the genera:Amygdalus, Asparagus, Astragalus, Cancrinia, Caragana, Chamaerhodos, Chelidonium, Chesneya, Dianthus, Hypecoum, Lathyrus, Lilium, Oxytropis, Papaver, Potentilla, Schizonepeta, Sibbaldia, Thermopsis, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia. Chromosome morphology of three species ofChamaerhodos and taxonomical remarks on some other species are added. A new combinationSibbaldia sericea (Grubov) Soják is proposed.     

Antibacterially active substances

Synthesis of two hydroxy-derivatives of nalidixic acid as a result of microbial transformation was demonstrated in certain species of the genusAspergillus. Aspergillus alliaceus produced 7-hydroxy-nalidixic acid andAspergillus niger 6-hydroxy-nalidixic acid. It was demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of both hydroxy-derivatives (tested inEscherichia coli) was lower than that of the initial nalidixis acid.     

Neue oder wenig bekannte Flechten in der Tschechoslowakei. I

Es werden 28 Arten von lichenisierten Fungi (Flechten) mit kritischen taxonomischen Hinweisen oder Ergänzungen zu den in der Literatur vorhandenen Beschreibungen, oft mit chorologischen Bemerkungen und Angaben über die ökologischen Verhältnisse ihrer Standorte angeführt, von denen die nachgenannten Arten und Namenskombinationen neu sind:Verrucaria scabra Vězda sp. n.,Geisleria xylophila Vězda sp. n.,Toninia steineri Poelt etVězda sp. n.,Pachyascus byssaceus (Vězda) Vězda comb. n. undMicarea gomphillacea (Nyl.) Vězda comb. n.     

Electrophoretic investigation of proteins in different root zones ofvicia faba L.

The differentiation of tissues is closely connected with the proteosynthesis. One can therfore assume that tissues with different types of cell growth (meristematic or elongation growth) and with different degrees of differentiation are different in their protein composition. In order to compare the protein composition of different plant organs, the method of disc electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel has been used by some authors. As compared with other methods used up to now, e. g. isolating proteins on DEAE cellulose or in Sephadex, this method does not need so much material and its resolution ability seems to be higher. It is also quicker and enables the study of several samples simultaneously. Its disadvantage is that proteins can be identified mainly by means of Rf and their quantity, measured from the intensity of staining of individual fractions in the gel, which may be misleading due to different sorption capacity of different proteins (Fri?Fri?ová 1967). None the less, it is good for comparison of protein composition of individual parts of the plant body. Different methods have been used to compare protein composition of individual growth zones in roots.Barsky,Ivanov andPushakova (1965) used luminiscence microscopy and found that in maize roots it is not possible to find substantial differences by this method.Morgan andReith (1954) arrived at similar conclusions. On the other hand,Steward et al. (1965) andMorris (1966) found qualitative differences in protein composition of different parts of pea roots using acrylamide electrophoresis. The results of the last named authors show considerable discrepancies in details, due perhaps to a different method of extraction (buffer, pH, purifying method). We have used acrylamide gel electrophoresis for investigating proteins in precisely defined growth zones of theVicia faba root.     

New Methods of Chromatographic Separation of Gibberellins A1 and A3

Biologia Plantarum - New Chromatographic methods, chromatography in centrifugal field and thin-layer chromatography on alumina, were used for separating physiologically active gibberellins A1 and...     

Factors determining the biosynthesis of griseofulvin and similar substances

Была высказана гипотеза, что биосинтез гризеофульвине, цитромицетина, фульвиновой кислоты, фусаeубине, руброфусарина и родствеооых им вешеств протекаеР не путем конденсации линейнон цепочки, а из двух более коротких цепочек, которые возникают конденсацией 4 и 3 ацетатных единп. реакции, осушествляющиеся на уровне этих цапочек (илн прнмежувочных структур) метиляция, редукция, и, возможно, последующая дегидратация или только эноэизация— определяют направление дальнeйшeй кондeнсации в такой стeпeни, что конeчныe продуктыотдичаются своeй структурой.     

Spores of microorganisms XVI

The heat inactivation of spores ofBacillus cereus irradiated and non-irradiated with X-rays was investigated with respect to their dipicolinic acid (DPA) content. Spores with a high DPA content (98 μg./mg. dry weight) displayed a biphasic heat inactivation curve. This biphasic character of the curve was preserved for the heat inactivation of previously irradiated spores even if the length of the initial lag of inactivation rate was reduced. Spores with a lower DPA content (24 μg./mg. dry weight) display a single-phase logarithmic order of dying from the beginning of heating. In both types of spores differing in the DPA content a pronounced sensitization of radiation-surviving spores toward subsequent heating was observed.     

Enzymes of the jejunal enterochromaffine cells in man

Summary A study of enzymatic equipment of enterochromaffine cells (e.c.) in jenual biopsies obtained with a Crosby capsule in normal humans and patients with nontropical sprue was undertaken. The following enzymes were demonstrated: alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (cell membrane), acid phosphatase (corpuscular), non-specific esterase (diffuse and corpuscular, predominantly eserine resistant, in corpuscular localization E 600 resistant), DPN- and TPN-diaphorases and dehydrogenases of lactic acid, malic acid, isocitric acid, glucoso-6-phosphoric acid, succinic acid, -hydroxybutyric acid and -glycerophosphoric acid. Enzyme activities were not equal in all cells suggesting some type of secretory cycle. In most patients with untreated nontropical sprue or with the disease in relapse e.c. were more numerous and hypertrophic with elevated activities of non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase. Implications of these results are briefly discussed.With 8 Figures in the Text, of which 2 in Colour